Abstract: Objective To study the probability of drug-dependent red blood cell antibodies produced in patients using piperacillin-tazobactam , related influencing factors and the impact on patients. Methods A total of 168 newly admitted patients who were treated with piperacillin-tazobactam for the first time from June 2020 to September 2023 were selected. Direct antiglobulin test (DAT), irregular antibody screening and piperacillin antibody detection were performed to test blood samples from patients treated with piperacillin-tazobactam after 7th day or before, and the ratio of lymphocytes in blood cells was analyzed. Results On the 7th day after medication, DAT was positive in 28 cases (16.7%) and piperacillin antibody was positive in 15 cases (8.9%). Among them, 3 cases (20%) were DAT positive, and 7 cases (46.7%) had antibody titer≥2+. The lymphocyte ratio of piperacillin antibody positive patients (42.3%±27.3%) was significantly higher than that of piperacillin antibody negative patients (26.4%±19.7%), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of drug-dependent red blood cell antibody was 8.9% after using piperacillin-tazobactam. There is a significant correlation between the production of piperacillin antibody and the lymphocyte ratio of patients.

Key words: Drug-dependent antibody, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Piperacillin antibody, Drug-induced immune haemolytic anaemia, Drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia