Objective To evaluate the differential biological effects of human serum albumin (HSA) derived from different sources on vascular endothelial cells. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were serum-starved and then exposed to HSA from varied sources. Cellular responses were assessed using the CCK-8 assay for proliferation, Annexin V-FITC kit for apoptosis, and flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis. The proliferative, apoptotic and cell cycle effects of HSA from different sources were statistically compared. Additionally, the impact of HSA on HUVEC cell migration and tube formation was assessed via scratch assays and tube formation experiments. Results Yeast-derived rHSA1 did not affect HUVEC proliferation (P=0.49, q=1.601), while other HSA sources significantly promoted it (P<0.001, F=10.84). All HSA treatment groups exhibited an inhibitory effect on HUVEC apoptosis (P<0.001), with no statistically significant differences in the proportions of live cells (P=0.07, F=2.415), apoptotic cells (P=0.2, F=1.624), and dead cells (P=0.28, F=1.376) across treatment groups. Compared to the serum-free control group, except for the pHSA2 and pHSA6 treatment groups, which showed a significant decrease in G0/G1 phase cell proportion (P<0.001) and a significant increase in G2/M phase cell proportion (P<0.01), the proportions of cells in other cell cycle phases did not show significant changes in the HSA treatment groups. In the scratch assay, in contrast to the serum-free control group, the pHSA(1) and pHSA(2) groups exhibited a higher degree of wound healing at 12 h (P<0.001), 24 h (P<0.001), and 36 h (P<0.001, P=0.002); however, no significant differences were observed in the rHSA(1) and rHSA(2) groups compared to the control group. Likewise, in the tube formation assay, the pHSA(1) and pHSA(2) groups significantly enhanced node formation (P=0.001, P=0.005), tubular branching (P<0.001), and mesh structure development (P<0.001), whereas the rHSA(1) and rHSA(2)groups showed no such enhancements. Conclusion HSA from different sources significantly inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis under serum-free conditions, but exerts varying effects on proliferation, cell cycle regulation, cell migration, and tube formation of vascular endothelial cells.

Objective To explore the effects of carbohydrates and metal ion chelators present in common red blood cell (RBC) preservatives on the agglutination intensity of serological reactions between Dolichos Biflorus Agglutinin (DBA) and A₁ RBCs, thus provide evidence for minimizing false negative results in clinical testing and enhancing the understanding of DBA's functional characteristics. Additionally, our study attempted to propose improvements to the current laboratory quality control procedures for A₁ antigen identification. Methods The agglutination intensity of DBA-A₁ erythrocytes under various conditions was quantitatively measured. This was achieved by introducing serial dilutions of sugar solutions (glucose, sucrose, mannitol) and performing checkerboard titrations of EDTA-Na₂ and divalent metal cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺) into the reaction system. Throughout the experiments, 0.9% saline was used as the initial RBC diluent. Results C_EDTA-Na2 concentrations >0.6 mM significantly inhibited agglutination, while increasing concentrations of Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺ reduced the negative effect of high concentration EDTA-Na₂. On the other hand, a notable decrease in DBA-A₁ erythrocyte agglutination intensity was observed with increasing sugar concentrations. Specifically, the addition of 0.6% to 5% glucose solution, 1.3% to 10% sucrose solution or 5% mannitol solution significantly weakened the aggregation of DBA-A₁ red blood cells. Conclusion EDTA-Na₂ and saccharides in RBC preservatives could exhibit inhibitory effects on the agglutination reaction between DBA and A₁ RBCs, highlighting them as crucial risk factors in the application of plant lectins for blood group serological detection.

Objective To explore the feasibility and risks of using extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by tolerant dendritic cells (DC) to intervene in transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). Methods Mouse bone marrow-derived DC cells were induced in vitro to become tolerant DCs by treatment with rapamycin, and the culture supernatant was collected and EVs were harvested by gradient centrifugation. Balb/c mice were induced into a TRALI disease model using LPS and anti-H2Kd antibodies, and EVs secreted by isogenic rapamycin-DCs or allogenic rapamycin-DCs were used to intervene in TRALI mice, and a series of data of diseased mice were observed and recorded. Results Compared with the TRALI onset group, after using rapamycin-treated tolerant DCs to intervene in TRALI onset mice, the mortality rate of the mice was significantly reduced. Unexpectedly, intervention with EVs generated from allogeneic tolerant DC (after rapamycin treatment) aggravated the mortality of TRALI. Despite EVs intervention, lung wet-to-dry ratio, pleural effusion and body temperature were not significantly different from those in mice treated with LPS and H2Kd antibodies alone. However, the mortality rate after EVs intervention was positively correlated with the injection concentration, even though the allogeneic vesicles were derived from tolerant cells and did not induce TRALI in mice when combined with LPS. Conclusion Allogeneic extracellular vesicle infusion combined with anti-leukocyte antibodies will increase the risk of death in TRALI, even though autologous DC has a protective effect on TRALI. Also, the allogeneic extracellular vesicles only combined with LPS does not cause respiratory distress. The data from this study suggest that we need to pay more attention on the risk of TRALI aggravated by the application of allogeneic EV therapies.

Objective To analyse the effect of apheresis platelets preservation time on platelet activation and the relationship between individual donor differences and platelet activation status after collection, so as to provide reference for the platelet collection work of blood collection and supply institutions and clinical personalized transfusion. Methods Apheresis platelets from 90 donors in 2023 were randomly collected and preserved for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 days in 5 groups. Platelet microparticles (PMPs) and activation index CD62p were detected by flow cytometry in each group and statistically analysed. Data on general physical examination, pre-donation blood test data and collection parameters were collected from each donor and analysed for their relationship with PMPs and platelet activation. The relationship between PMPs and CD62p was analysed. Results The expression rates of CD62p in platelets stored for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 days were (61.55±20.17)%, (69.05±13.09)%, (64.63±12.89)%, (70.34±9.504)%, and (84.28±6.303)%, respectively; and the expression rates of PMPs were (6.79±9.17)%, (7.01±9.13)%, (12.37±12.64)%, (7.51±5.70)%, and (17.02±7.20)%; and the number of PMPs (×10³/μL) was 2.69±4.84, 4.80±9.20, 3.59±3.38, 7.94±8.89, and 145.1±190.3, respectively. One-way ANOVA showed that Apheresis platelets from each group of different storage duration CD62p expression and PMPs expression were significantly different (P<0.05). Comparing each group, the CD62p expression rate and the number of PMPs in platelets stored for 7 days were significantly higher than those stored for 1, 2, 3, and 4 days; there was no significant difference between the other groups. Platelet activation rate and the number of PMPs tended to increase with storage time. Pearson's bivariate analysis showed that the number of PMPs initially after platelet collection was positively correlated with donor pulse and leukocyte counts (P<0.05), and there was no significant correlation with other factors; the expression of CD62p was positively correlated with the expression of PMPs (P<0.05). Conclusion Apheresis platelets showed no significant changes in activation and expression of PMPs during the 4-day period of storage, after that, there is an strikingly increase in activation and expression of PMPs (P<0.05). In addition, activation of platelets after collection is associated with individual differences. The appropriate products for clinical application can be selected by the condition of activation and expression of PMPs during platelet storage .

Objective To investigate the prophylactic effects of pretreatment with baicalin on erythrocyte alloimmunization. Methods A model of red blood cell (RBC) infusion was established in C57BL/6 mice through co-infusion of human RBCs and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an adjuvant. Mice were randomly assigned into four experimental groups: (1) RBC infusion model group; (2) Untreated control group: injection of PBS only; (3) Baicalin pretreatment group: mice were given baicalin (250 mg/（kg·day）) daily for one week prior to the establishment of the RBC infusion model; (4) Dexamethasone (DEX) control group: DEX (5 mg/（kg·day）) were given daily for one week prior to the establishment of the RBC infusion model. The expression levels of IgG and IgM in the mice serum were analyzed by flow cytometry, and changes in CD4 T cells and B cells in the spleen were monitored. Results Compared to the RBC infusion model group, baicalin pretreatment significantly reduced the production of serum IgG (24 823.0±1 452.2 vs. 15 180.0±1 172.5, P<0.05) and IgM (194 206±2 868.6 vs. 112 287±9 741.5, P<0.05). Compared with the model group, there was a significant decrease in the expression of CD25 (1 006.0 ±206.1 vs. 548.4±19.1, P<0.05) and the proportion of B cells (31.16%±6.06% vs. 15.69%±4.59%, P<0.05) in the spleens of baicalin-pretreated mice, and no significant difference in the spleen size (mean length: 10±0.5 mm vs. 12±0.5 mm, P>0.05). Conclusion Baicalin effectively suppresses erythrocyte alloimmunization by inhibiting the production of IgG and IgM in the serum, as well as the inhibition of B cell proliferation and CD4 T cell activation in the spleen.

Objective Red blood cells (RBCs) storage lesion has been an important concern on RBCs storage in vitro, involving a series of physiological, biochemical, morphological, and omics changes during RBCs storage. These changes interact with each other and affect stored RBCs. In order to further elucidate the mechanism of RBCs storage lesion, the mechanism of RBCs lesion during storage was conducted by multi-omics. Methods A total of 10 bags of RBCs were collected using disposable plastic blood bags (abnormal ALT test results). The prepared RBCs was stored at 4 ℃ for 0, 1, 3 and 5 weeks, respectively, and tested according to RBC quality standards (HCT, HGB and hemolysis rate during storage). The biochemical indexes (K⁺、Na⁺、Cl^-、Ca²⁺、Glu and LDH) were detected in different storage periods. Proteomic and metabolomic tests were performed, and bioinformatics analysis was used to evaluate the changes and correlation of biological functions during RBCs storage. Results In line with the national quality standard for RBCs, its biochemical indexes K⁺ and LDH increased with the preservation time, Na⁺ and Glu decreased. At 5 weeks, the difference was significant (P<0.01), and other indexes Cl^- and Ca²⁺ had no significant changes (P>0.05). We performed proteomics and metabolomics based on the screened proteins and their downstream differential metabolite changes. By different levels of biomolecules, we found that RBCs storage had more effects on RBCs metabolism etc., especially on metabolic pathways such as nucleotide metabolism, purine metabolism, and protein digestion and absorption, but had less effects on RBC metabolism-related proteins. Conclusion By metabolomics and proteomics, we promote the study of RBCs structure, function, etc., which lays a good foundation for further research on the mechanism of RBCs storage lesion.

Objective To explore the modulating effects of near-infrared low level laser (LLL) irradiation on reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in platelets during cold storage, ultimately reducing cold storage-induced lesions and protecting the platelets from phagocytosis by macrophages and hepatocytes. Methods Buffer-coat-derived platelets were divided into three groups: room-temperature-stored platelets (RTP), cold-stored platelets (CSP), and CSP subjected to LLL irradiation (CSP-L). In the CSP-L group, platelets were irradiated with varying intensities of LLL irradiation (1 J, 5 J, 10 J) after 12 hours of cold-storage and then maintained under cold condition. After 5-day storage, ROS generation, expression of activation markers, exposure of glycosyl proteins and their residues in platelets from each group were analyzed and compared by flow cytometry (FACS). PMA-induced THP-1 cells and HepG2 hepatocytes were used to examine the phagocytosis of platelets in each group. Results After 5 days of storage, the platelet cytoplasmic ROS (cyto-ROS) level increased significantly in the CSP group compared with the RTP group (RTP vs.CSP, 3 960±259.6 vs. 5 846±757.4, P<0.01), whereas the mitochondrial ROS (mito-ROS) level was lower than that in the RTP group (RTP vs.CSP, 595±47.1 vs. 416±50.2, P<0.05). Notably, low-intensity LLL (1 J) irradiation in the CSP-L1 group significantly reduced cyto-ROS levels (5 846±757.4 vs. 3 945±459.4, P<0.01) and diminished the exposure of CD62P, phosphatidylserine (PS) expression and GPIb/ɑ glycoprotein residues compared with the CSP group (P<0.05), aligning closely with the RTP group. Furthermore, the phagocytic rate of platelets by THP-1 and HepG2 cells was also obviously lower in the CSP-L1 group than in the CSP group (P<0.05). Importantly, LLL irradiation had no significant effect on the platelet count, pH, or mean platelet volume (MPV) in cold storage. Conclusion Low-intensity LLL irradiation treatment could effectively lower the cyto-ROS levels of cold-stored platelets while maintaining low mito-ROS generation, and inhibit platelet activation and GPⅠb/ɑ desialylation, thereby reducing cold storage-induced lesions and preventing phagocytosis.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of extracellular vesicles derived from erythrocytes on erythrocytes storage damage. Methods A sufficient amount of qualified erythrocytes suspension samples were collected to prepare the extracellular vesicle products derived from qualified erythrocytes, determine the particle size distribution of extracellular vesicles, and draw the relationship between storage time and. western blot was used to detect the expression of CD63, TSG101, Cal, Gly-A, and GAPDH in extracellular vesicles. Dilute the erythrocytes suspension using a NaCl concentration gradient, measure the absorbance values of erythrocytes solutions stored for different days, obtain their osmotic fragility related indicators, record the data, and draw a curve between absorbance and erythrocytes storage time. The hemorheology indexes of erythrocytes under different storage times were detected by automatic hemorheometer to determine the deformability of erythrocytes, record the data and draw the relationship curve between the deformability of erythrocytes and different storage times. Finally, using storage time as the independent variable, analyze whether there is a correlation between the diameter of extracellular vesicles and the physical properties of erythrocytes. Results (1) As the storage time of red blood cell suspension increases, the diameter of the main particles of RBC-EVs decreases, but there is an abnormal increase in the main particles of RBC-EVs between 7 and 11 days. (2) RBC-EVs contain proteins from parental cells, and the expressions of CD63, TSG101, Gly-A, and GAPDH are all positive. (3) As the in vitro storage time increases, the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes increases, and their tolerance to low osmotic solutions weakens. (4) As the in vitro storage time increases, the deformation index and rigidity index of erythrocytes increase, and the deformability of erythrocytes decreases. (5) There is a significant correlation between RBC-EVs and the physical properties of erythrocytes, with the storage time of erythrocytes as the independent variable. Conclusion There is an impact between extracellular vesicles derived from erythrocytes and the storage damage of erythrocytes , and the generation of extracellular vesicles is accompanied by the storage damage of erythrocytes simultaneously.

Objective To investigate how donor blood type, gender, age, and their interactions influence the levels of Factor Ⅷ (FⅧ) in cryoprecipitate and fresh frozen plasma (FFP), as well as the rate of product qualified. This study aims to provide scientific evidence for improving blood product quality monitoring and optimizing clinical transfusion strategies. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on quality monitoring data for 456 bags of cryoprecipitate and 128 bags of FFP collected at our institute from 2022 to 2023. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests, independent sample t-tests, ANOVA, LSD tests, and multiple linear and binary logistic regression analyses. Results The unqualified rate of FⅧ in cryoprecipitate and FFP was significantly higher than in other quality control items. In cryoprecipitate, the FⅧ level was the highest in AB blood type and the lowest in O blood type. Similarly, in FFP, O blood type had the lowest FⅧ levels. The FⅧ level in cryoprecipitate was the lowest in the younger age group and the highest in the elderly groups. In FFP, the FⅧ level in the younger age group was significantly lower than in the middle-aged and elderly groups. Both blood type and age independently affected FⅧ levels in cryoprecipitate and FFP, while the interactions between blood type, gender, and age showed no significant impact. AB blood type and increasing age positively influenced FⅧ levels in cryoprecipitate, whereas O blood type had a negative impact. Similarly, in FFP, O blood type negatively affected FⅧ levels, while the middle-aged and elderly groups had a positive impact. Additionally, O blood type was significantly associated with a higher risk of non-conformance in both cryoprecipitate and FFP. Conclusion The unqualified rate for FⅧ levels is the highest among quality control items for cryoprecipitate and FFP. Blood type and age are key factors influencing FⅧ levels, with O blood type significantly increasing the risk of unqualified FⅧ in both cryoprecipitate and FFP.

Objective The data of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among blood donors in the service areas of provincial blood centers were analyzed. Methods Anti-HCV and HCV RNA data from 2018 to 2022 from first-time and repeat donors at 18 provincial blood HCV ELISA and anti-HCV ELISA negative RNA was analyzed. These was related to the year, blood center, and first-time and repeat donors. Results Between 2018 and 2022, the total unqualified rate of HCV decreased from 26.61/10 000 to 15.17/10 000 (χ²=717.71, P <0.01). The highest rate was 25.72/10 000 in western China and the lowest rate was 11.96/10 000 in eastern China. The unqualified rate of anti-HCV ELISA in first-time blood donors (30.50/10 000) was higher than that in repeat blood donors (7.42/10 000). The unqualified rate of anti-HCV ELISA negative HCV-RNA in each blood center ranged from 0 to 7.54/10 000. Conclusion The unqualified rate of HCV among blood donors in 18 centers decreased year by year. There are significant regional characteristics in the unqualified rate of HCV detection. Compared with the first-time blood donors, repeat donors were a lower-risk group. HCV RNA testing played an important role in blood safety.

Objective To study and analyze the genotyping characteristics of RhD variant specimens in Xinjiang. Methods A total of 249 RhD variant specimens were collected with routine confirmatory test for RhD negative from January 2006 to June 2023. All specimens showing negative or equivocal agglutination were tested by IAT with three commercially available anti-D reagents, with D variant defined once it reacted positively with an anti-D, and RhCE phenotypic typing was performed. The genomic DNA of the D variant specimen was extracted, and the RHD genotype of the specimen was identified by PCR-SSP or qPCR. Exons of RHD gene were sequenced for verification if necessary. Results Among the 249 RhD variant specimens, 155 cases (62.25%) of weak D15 (RHD*15), 30 cases (12.05%) of DⅥ type 3 (RHD*06.03.01), 7 cases (2.81%) of weak D1 (RHD*01W.1), 2 cases (0.80%) of weak D17 (RHD*01W.17), 3 cases (1.20%) of DⅥ type 4 (RHD*06.04), 9 cases (3.61%) of DⅤ type 2 (RHD*05.02), 1 case (0.40%)of DⅢa (RHD*03.01),and 6 cases (2.41%) of DEL1227A (RHD*01EL.01) were detected. There were also 36 cases with indeterminate RHD gene, which were determined by gene sequencing. The common Rh phenotype of RHD*15 is ccEe. Conclusion RHD*15 is the most common RhD variant in Xinjiang and there are rich genetic polymorphisms for this locus.

Objective Through the research of many cases of mimicking antibodies, To study the characteristics of mimicking antibodies and explore the transfusion principles of mimicking antibodies. Provide effective detection methods and clinical suggestions for patients with mimicking antibodies. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the sex, age, diagnosis and serological test of 160 cases of mimicking antibodies. Analyze the experimental data and find the relevant rules. Results The specificity of RH blood group antibodies is the most common in all mimicking antibodies. Mimicking antibodies of anti-Ce, anti-Ec and anti-D accounted for 94.48% in 160 cases. The type of CCDee is the most common type in all cases. GEL test in serum showed strong antibody reactivity (the score was 7.16). Indirect antiglobulin test in serum with tube showed strong specificity. Conclusion It is suggested that a variety of identification methods should be employed because it's difficult to identify the specificity of mimicking antibodies. The GEL test is more reactive in detecting antibodies and Indirect antiglobulin test method is more specific in distinguishing antibodies. The two methods should be combined. Blood transfusion treatment should be as far as possible to avoid mimicking antibody specificity, transfuse corresponding antigen negative of red blood cells will have obvious therapeutic effect on the patients.

Objective To understand the current situation of the genotype database of apheresis platelet donors in China by investigating the size of the genotype database of apheresis platelet donors and the application of gene matching transfusion. Methods The data were collected from the platelet gene database collaboration group by the principle of voluntary reporting, and the data of the genotype database of apheresis platelet donors of 27 blood stations in China in 2022, the data of database establishment and platelet cross-matching in 14 blood stations from 2021—2023 were analyzed. Results By the end of 2022, 27 blood stations in China had established platelet HLA genotype databases, with the database capacity ranging from 50 to 23 940, with an average of 3 339±5 915, of which 9 were more than 2 000. The database capacity of platelet HPA genotypes ranged from 50 to 7 162, with an average of 1 636±1549, of which 14 were greater than 1 000. Of the 27 blood stations in China, 13 have no CD36 negative blood donors, and 14 have the data of CD36 negative blood donors, with a capacity of 2-280, with an average of 41±73. From 2021 to 2023, the database capacity of HLA and HPA genotypes of platelet donors in China is increasing year by year. The number of platelet cross-matching in 14 blood stations from 2021 to 2023 ranged from 20 to 8 000, but the proportion of gene matching transfusion varied greatly, ranging from 0% to 40%, with an average of less than 10%. Conclusion There are great differences in the size and application of the genotype database of apheresis platelet donors in China. It is urgent to expand the size and improve the utilization rate of the database to realize accurate platelet transfusion and further ensure the scientific validity, effectiveness and safety of clinical blood transfusion.

Objective To investigate the changes of platelet-related antibodies in the serum from patients with immune platelet transfusion refractoriness (IPTR) and their effectiveness of a platelet transfusion. Methods Data of 30 patients with IPTR were collected, such as gender, age, blood group, height, weight, diseases, platelet count before and after platelet transfusion etc., and the serum HLA and HPA antibodies were detected at 0, 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively. Platelet antibodies were detected by ELISA and the relative intensity of antibodies was calculated. The specific HLA antibodies were detected by microbead technology. Results During follow-up, antibodies became negative in 12 of 30 patients, and the average clearance time was (4.08±1.78) month. Seven patients showed a decreasing trend, and 10 patients showed a stable state. There was a positive correlation between the relative strength of HLA antibody and HLA specific antibody types. The decrease in the relative strength of HLA antibodies made it easier for patients to find an HLA-matched donor, but had no significant effect on the 24 h corrected count increment (CCI) and transfusion response rate after cross-matched platelet transfusions. Conclusion The HLA antibodies in the serum in most PTR patients were weakened or disappeared within 6 months, and persisted steadily in some patients. The reduction or disappearance of antibodies accompanied with the reduction of specific antibody types, made it easier for patients to find cross-matched donors, but had no significant effect on their transfusion efficacy.

Objective To study on the re-entry strategy of nucleic acid testing reactive blood donors based on HBV infection confirmation. Methods Multiple highly sensitive in-house nucleic acid testing (NAT) methods and routine blood NAT screening platforms were combined with serological testing and blood donor follow-up to confirm HBV infection to identify infection status in NAT-yield blood donors. The efficiency of different NAT methods, HBV markers and marker combinations were compared in detection and confirmation of HBV infections. Results From November 2010 to February 2021, 511 in 876 NAT-yield blood donors were confirmed to be infected with HBV (451 OBIs, 27 acute early HBV infections, 33 infected with HBV but infection status unidentified, 30 without infection, and 335 HBV infection unconfirmed). The detection rate of HBV DNA in HBV-infected plasma yielded by minipool NAT (MP-NAT) was 96.6% when individual NAT (ID-NAT) was used, which was significantly higher than those of HBV DNA reactive samples (HBV DNA R) and non-discriminatory reactive samples (NDR) yielded by ID-NAT (76.4% and 55.7%, respectively) (P<0.05). The detection rate (65.2%) of NDR samples under retesting mode 2 (ID×5+ Discrimination×2) was higher than that (39.2%) under retesting mode 1 (ID×2+Discrimination ×1) (P<0.05). The detection rate of HBV DNA R samples under the two retesting modes had no significant difference (P>0.05), but was clearly higher than that of NDR samples (P<0.05). Reviewing the previous NAT data of OBI blood donors, 46% had experienced multiple NAT without detection. And HBV DNA was not detected in 59.1% of OBI blood donors during follow-up. The proportion of anti-HBc+ in OBIs was 90.2%, while that of anti-HBc+ alone was 49.2%, which was much higher than that in HBV infection unconfirmed group (P<0.05). The proportions of HBeAg, anti-HBe and anti-HBc IgM in OBI were very low, similar with that of infection unconfirmed groups (P>0.05). Conclusion HBV infections were confirmed in nearly 60% of NAT-yield blood donors. HBV DNA confirmation technology with higher sensitivity is needed to improve the confirmation rate of HBV infection, which ensured the safety of re-entry blood donors. Anti-HBc was the most important serological marker in excluding the risk of OBI and assessment of NAT-yield donor's re-entry.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and nucleic acid testing (NAT) to guide the interpretation of gray zone (GZ) sample results detected by chemiluminescence technology. Methods The results of patients admitted to 5 general hospitals in different regions of the country from July to December 2021 were collected for Transfusion Transmissible Infection (TTI) screening tests before surgery/transfusion. NAT detection and clinical characteristics analysis were performed on GZ samples. Results Among the 5 723 samples, 28 (0.49%) were GZ for HBV and 20 (0.35%) for HCV. NAT results showed that 15 of the 28 HBV GZ (53.5%) were NAT-positive, and their HBcAb were all positive; 13 HBV samples (46.5%) were NAT-negative, of which 4 positive for HBcAb. HBV and HCV GZ samples were found in all clinical departments. The top three departments of HBV GZ samples were orthopedics, gynecology, and urology and the largest number of false positives were gynecology and orthopedics. The top three departments for HCV GZ samples were urology, nephrology, and surgery, and all of them were false positives. 35.7% (10/28) of patients with HBV GZ samples and 40% (8/20) of patients with HCV GZ samples were diagnosed as neoplastic diseases. Conclusion Chemiluminescence methods are prone to false-positive results, so attention should be paid to retest for verification and it is not necessary to set up GZ. Gz samples can be found in some clinical departments exhibiting specific clinical distribution characteristics. NAT can improve detection sensitivity and ensure accuracy to verify GZ.

Objective To explore the current situation and countermeasures of precise recruitment of blood donors in universities, aiming to recruit and retain blood donors with greater accuracy. Methods We established an accurate recruitment information platform, and investigated the reactions of blood donors to different recruitment messages as well as the effects of different recruitment methods. By analyzing the professional backgrounds, preferences, willingness to participate in emergency blood donation teams and other characteristic information of blodd donors, we aimed to identify their needs for on-site and follow-up services. Results Comparing the number of blood donors willing to donate between traditional telephone recruitment and precision telephone recruitment showed statistical significance (P<0.01). Based on theses findings, regular activities were held around 590 college students who participated in the Hot Blood Youth Board Friends Association in 2023, and ultimately 70% of students exceeded their 2022 participation frequency in component blood donation. Conclusion Targeted blood donation programs specifically designed for college students through precise recruitment strategies can effectively enhance recruitment efficiency, retain more blood donation groups and individuals, secure a sufficient blood supply for patients, and ensure the availability of blood for clinical use.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) complicated with TUBB1 mutations, and the correlation between TUBB1 mutations and platelet transfusion refractoriness. Methods Retrospective research was done. Systematically collect clinical data of 81 patients diagnosed with MDS and treated with chemotherapy at Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from February 2018 to October 2023. Observe the incidence of blood routine, gene mutations, CD34 and platelet transfusion rejection (PTR). The survival curve was plotted using the Kaplan Meier, the PTR risk factor analysis was performed using logistic regression analysis, and the forest map was plotted using R studio. Results Among 81 MDS patients, there were 10 cases in the TUBB1 mutation group and 71 cases in the TUBB1 wild-type group. Compared with TUBB1 wild-type group patients, TUBB1 mutation group patients have a higher proportion of CD34⁺MKs [33.50 (14.25, 55.88)% vs. 4.00 (2.00, 10.00)%, P<0.001], decreased platelet count with increased volume [36.00 (18.75, 186.50)×10⁹/L vs. 91.00 (67.00, 164.00)×10⁹/L, P<0.05; (12.03±1.92) fL vs. (9.19±0.97) fL, P<0.001]. There were 8 cases (80.00%) of PTR in the TUBB1 mutation group, and 18 cases (25.35%) of PTR in the TUBB1 wild-type group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).The results of logistic regression analysis showed that TUBB1 mutation was an independent risk factor for ineffective platelet transfusion therapy (P<0.05, OR=7.28). Conclusion MDS patients with TUBB1 mutations generally exhibit an increase in the proportion of CD34⁺MKs, an increase in platelet volumeand and a decrease in platelet count.TUBB1 mutation is an independent risk factor for PTR during the bone marrow suppression phase after chemotherapy in MDS patients.

Blood stations, established as public welfare organizations, strictly adhere to the directives issued by health administrative authorities. These directives govern their activities, which include recruiting volunteer blood donors, collecting and processing blood, supplying blood for clinical applications, and providing operational guidance for the medical use of blood, all within a prescribed jurisdictional framework. Their financial sustainability is primarily reliant on government subsidies allocated through the national fiscal system, ensuring that their operations are not profit-driven. However, this operational model often leads to elevated costs, thereby imposing a considerable financial burden on the state. To address this challenge,it is imperative for blood stations to enhance their internal cost accounting mechanisms. A central aspect of this endeavor lies in applying activity-based costing (ABC) methodologies to the accounting and analysis of blood product costs. This paper, using the G Blood Center as a case study, attempts to explore the contextual background of ABC's application, examine the present state and identify the challenges in blood product cost accounting. By exploring the practical application of ABC in this context, it aims to provide managers with a comprehensive understanding of the cost incurrence process, enabling them to exercise more informed and effective control over cost management. This endeavor could optimize the operational efficiency and fiscal sustainability of blood stations.

During the period of 2020—2024, Guangzhou Blood Center has implemented 19 training projects for young cadres by the principles of “project-based learning”. This paper introduces the progress, evaluates the training effectiveness and summarizes three implementation strategies, including how to deal with work issues, carry out activities on the interactivity and build up the training environment.

To date, the proliferation of life science and medical research involving human participants in Chinese blood collection and supply institutions necessitates the eatablishemnt of medical ethics committees, which conduct ethical reviews to ensure that medical research trials adhere to ethical and legal standards, safeguarding the safety, health, privacy and other rights of study subjects. Taking the Ethics Committee of Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center as a case study, we aimed to explore the standardization process of medical ethics committees within blood collection and supply institutions by evaluating their accomplishments and shortcomings, and we sought to offer insights into the ethical considerations regarding medical device clinical trials using blood samples and donor information from these institutions, thus better protecting the rights and interests of research participants, and fostering the healthy and sustainable growth of blood transfusion medical research within the sector.

In recent years, the mechanisms of platelet aging have garnered increasing attention. With advancements in detection technologies, researchers are now able to study the age stratification of platelets in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals, revealing extensive changes at both the transcriptomic and proteomic levels during the aging process. Pathophysiological studies have further elucidated the critical role of platelets in various diseases, closely associated with age-related changes in platelets. However, the specific characteristics of platelet aging and their precise role in disease development remain to be fully elucidated. Therefore, understanding the physiological characteristics and molecular mechanisms of aging platelets under normal conditions is crucial for research. This review summarizes the transcriptomic and proteomic studies on platelet aging in physiological conditions, as well as the changes in platelet turnover in related diseases, aiming to provide a reference for exploring the relationship between platelet aging and disease development.

Aplastic anemia (AA) is a bone marrow hematopoietic failure disease. Blood component transfusion is necessary to treat anemia and maintain quality of life in AA patients. However, long-term blood transfusion easily leads to transfusion dependence, and the current blood supply is insufficient, and it is also increasingly difficult to meet the blood transfusion needs of AA patients. Therefore, it is particularly important to perform "patient blood management" (PBM) for AA, apply various non-transfusion methods to treat anemia, reduce the transfusion of allogeneic blood, and improve the quality of life of AA patients. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment can improve the symptoms of anemia in AA patients, reduce the need for allogeneic blood transfusion, and facilitate the blood management of AA patients. This article reviews the traditional Chinese medicine and its mechanism of action in the treatment of AA, and discusses the clinical significance of traditional Chinese medicine in the blood management of AA patients.