Objective To know the frequency of HLA antibodies in donors in Shanghai area, to provide basic data for the research on TRALI. Methods Samples of blood donors from October 2020 to April 2021 were randomly selected to detect HLA-specific antibodies by flow cytometry and microbead method, and the incidence of HLA antibodies was statistically analyzed. Results In 9 797 serum samples of blood donors, 1 715 (17.51%) were positive for HLA antibodies, among which the frequency of HLA antibodies in males and females was 4.81% and 28.08%. Excluding the history of blood transfusion, the frequency of HLA antibodies in women with no pregnancy history and women with pregnancy history was 12.10% and 36.62%, and comparative analysis the group of once, twice and three or more times pregnancies donors population, which frequency of HLA antibodies was 29.97%, 40.70% and 44.80%. The frequency of HLA antibodies in female donors with multiple pregnancy history was significantly higher than that in single pregnancy ( P<0.05). Conclusion Consultation of pregnancy history and HLA antibodies detection of female blood donors in blood stations can prevent from the occurrence of TRALI.

Objective To evaluate the differential biological effects of human serum albumin (HSA) derived from different sources on vascular endothelial cells. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were serum-starved and then exposed to HSA from varied sources. Cellular responses were assessed using the CCK-8 assay for proliferation, Annexin V-FITC kit for apoptosis, and flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis. The proliferative, apoptotic and cell cycle effects of HSA from different sources were statistically compared. Additionally, the impact of HSA on HUVEC cell migration and tube formation was assessed via scratch assays and tube formation experiments. Results Yeast-derived rHSA1 did not affect HUVEC proliferation ( P=0.49, q=1.601), while other HSA sources significantly promoted it ( P<0.001, F=10.84). All HSA treatment groups exhibited an inhibitory effect on HUVEC apoptosis ( P<0.001), with no statistically significant differences in the proportions of live cells ( P=0.07, F=2.415), apoptotic cells ( P=0.2, F=1.624), and dead cells ( P=0.28, F=1.376) across treatment groups. Compared to the serum-free control group, except for the pHSA2 and pHSA6 treatment groups, which showed a significant decrease in G0/G1 phase cell proportion ( P<0.001) and a significant increase in G2/M phase cell proportion ( P<0.01), the proportions of cells in other cell cycle phases did not show significant changes in the HSA treatment groups. In the scratch assay, in contrast to the serum-free control group, the pHSA(1) and pHSA(2) groups exhibited a higher degree of wound healing at 12 h ( P<0.001), 24 h ( P<0.001), and 36 h ( P<0.001, P=0.002); however, no significant differences were observed in the rHSA(1) and rHSA(2) groups compared to the control group. Likewise, in the tube formation assay, the pHSA(1) and pHSA(2) groups significantly enhanced node formation ( P=0.001, P=0.005), tubular branching ( P<0.001), and mesh structure development ( P<0.001), whereas the rHSA(1) and rHSA(2)groups showed no such enhancements. Conclusion HSA from different sources significantly inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis under serum-free conditions, but exerts varying effects on proliferation, cell cycle regulation, cell migration, and tube formation of vascular endothelial cells.

Non-transfusional hemotherapy should be mainly carried out by the Transfusion Department, which basis is the apheresis technology by centrifugation. The plasmapheresis can be realized in two ways: centrifugal and membrane filtration, each of which has its own technical characteristics. Apheresis/blood purification based on centrifugation shows the advantages of higher plasma separation efficiency, shorter treatment time, less platelet loss, less destruction of red blood cells, and the use of citrate anticoagulation for non-continuous clinical treatment of critically ill patients. Secondary columns suitable for centrifugal technology can realize immunoadsorption, artificial liver support system, centrifugation-filtration plasmapheresis and inflammatory factor adsorption. Using increasingly sophisticated secondary column technology should be a useful supplement to traditional TPE.

Objective Detecting the plasma vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) level in neonates with ABO hemolytic disease (HDN), to predict the degree of endothelial damage and in vivo hemolysis in ABO-HDN children. Methods A total of 127 cases of ABO-HDN attending our hospital between June 2022 and June 2023 were retrospectively collected, and further divided into three subgroups, namelymild, moderate, and severe hyperbilirubinemia. 127 healthy newborns with matching maternal and infant blood groups were recruited as a healthy control group. 41 cases of non-hemolytic jaundice were set up as the control group. A triple hemolytic test clarified the diagnosis of ABO-HDN, and all samples were tested for blood type and irregular antibodies. Plasma VCAM-1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results 1 There was no statistically significant difference between the ABO-HDN group and the healthy control group regarding the sex of the newborns, birth weight, blood type, mode of delivery of their mothers, and the presence or absence of preterm rupture of membranes ( P>0.05), and the neonatal gestational age, maternal age, and number of pregnancies showed significant differences between the two groups ( P<0.05). There were differences in hemoglobin (Hb), reticulocyte (Ret), indirect bilirubin (IBIL), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and plasma VCAM-1 ( P<0.05, and the levels of VCAM-1 were positively correlated with the levels of LDH, IBIL, and Ret, and negatively correlated with the levels of Hb ( P<0.05). VCAM-1 levels in the ABO-HBN group showed independent correlations with Hb, Ret, IBIL, and LDH levels ( P<0.05). Among the three subgroups, VCAM-1 levels were significantly higher in the severe hyperbilirubinemia group than in the mild and moderate hyperbilirubinemia groups ( P<0.05). Conclusion Elevated VCAM-1 in children with ABO-HDN may be associated with vascular endothelial damage and with help in assessing the severity of hemolysis in the disease.

Cell-free fetal DNA (cff-DNA) exists in the peripheral blood of pregnant women during gestation, and it carries DNA fragments with relevant genetic information of the fetus, which can be screened for fetal chromosomal and gene-related diseases. It is now widely used in non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) because of its low operational risk and lack of side effects. Non-invasive cff-DNA blood group testing uses molecular technology to detect the genes associated with cff-DNA blood grouping, resulting in a fetal blood group. The test can be used to detect the consistency of fetal and maternal blood groups during pregnancy and to determine the risk of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) due to blood group incompatibility.

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays an important role in regulating cell growth, proliferation.The mTOR complex regulates cell growth, proliferation, protein metabolism by phosphorylating and activating downstream substrates such as S6K1, 4E-BP, etc. The mTOR signalling pathway similarly plays an important role in the haematopoietic system, integrating multiple signals to regulate the three processes of haematopoietic stem cell quiescence, self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation.This article systematically describes how relevant signalling molecules and proteins affect the mTOR signalling pathway and further influence haematopoietic stem cell function.

In recent years, the mechanisms of platelet aging have garnered increasing attention. With advancements in detection technologies, researchers are now able to study the age stratification of platelets in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals, revealing extensive changes at both the transcriptomic and proteomic levels during the aging process. Pathophysiological studies have further elucidated the critical role of platelets in various diseases, closely associated with age-related changes in platelets. However, the specific characteristics of platelet aging and their precise role in disease development remain to be fully elucidated. Therefore, understanding the physiological characteristics and molecular mechanisms of aging platelets under normal conditions is crucial for research. This review summarizes the transcriptomic and proteomic studies on platelet aging in physiological conditions, as well as the changes in platelet turnover in related diseases, aiming to provide a reference for exploring the relationship between platelet aging and disease development.

Objective To provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) by observing the effect of autophagy induced by oxidative stress on the proliferation of HCMV in cells. Methods Using PCR to amplify the LC3B encoding fragment, an autophagy expression vector was constructed to observe the formation of cellular autophagy. Then, HFF cells infected with HCMV (AD169) for 72 hours were collected. The levels of UL122 expression and viral particles were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. And the viral protein pp65 expression level and the proliferation of virion were detected by Western blot and TCID ₅₀, respectively. Results Autophagy detection vectors were successfully constructed, which could be used to indicate the formation of cellular autophagy. Compared with normal cultured cells, oxidative stress could induce autophagy formation, and upregulated UL122 gene expression, pp65 protein levels and viral load by this pathway. The viral titer test also showed that autophagy could promote the replication of HCMV in cells. Conclusion Oxidative stress can induce autophagy and promote the replication and proliferation of HCMV, while autophagy inhibitor 3-MA can inhibit the replication of HCMV promoted by oxidative stress. It is confirmed that autophagy is one of the mechanisms of oxidative stress promoting the replication and proliferation of HCMV.

In recent years, research on immune substances in red blood cells has shown that red blood cells are not only the main carrier of oxygen transportation, but also play a variety of immune and regulatory functions as innate immune cells. These cells are capable of recognizing and adhering to antigens, fostering phagocytosis, engaing with complement system, and eliminating circulating immune complexes. Immune substances on its surface, such as Toll-like receptor 9(TLR9), complement receptor 1 and CD58, can act as bridges to maintain the immune balance of the body. Exploring the role of red blood cells with immune characteristics and their cytokines in the development and progression of diseases has important clinical significance.

Platelets play a crucial role in a variety of physiologic and pathologic processes, especially in hemostasis and wound healing. In recent years platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich fibrin, platelet-lysate and other platelet-derived products have become a promising treatment in regenerative medicine and have been widely applied clinically. By release a variety of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines, platelet-derived products induce cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and chemotaxis, stimulating mitosis in multiple cell types and neovascularization, increasing endothelial cell response to pro-angiogenic factors, and promoting fibroblast migration and proliferation. This article reviews the classification and origin of platelet-derived products, biological characteristics of the main growth factors, and their therapeutic effects in promoting the healing of various wounds, then, also analyzed the possible issues and the future development possibilities.

Objective To explore the feasibility and risks of using extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by tolerant dendritic cells (DC) to intervene in transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). Methods Mouse bone marrow-derived DC cells were induced in vitro to become tolerant DCs by treatment with rapamycin, and the culture supernatant was collected and EVs were harvested by gradient centrifugation. Balb/c mice were induced into a TRALI disease model using LPS and anti-H2Kd antibodies, and EVs secreted by isogenic rapamycin-DCs or allogenic rapamycin-DCs were used to intervene in TRALI mice, and a series of data of diseased mice were observed and recorded. Results Compared with the TRALI onset group, after using rapamycin-treated tolerant DCs to intervene in TRALI onset mice, the mortality rate of the mice was significantly reduced. Unexpectedly, intervention with EVs generated from allogeneic tolerant DC (after rapamycin treatment) aggravated the mortality of TRALI. Despite EVs intervention, lung wet-to-dry ratio, pleural effusion and body temperature were not significantly different from those in mice treated with LPS and H2Kd antibodies alone. However, the mortality rate after EVs intervention was positively correlated with the injection concentration, even though the allogeneic vesicles were derived from tolerant cells and did not induce TRALI in mice when combined with LPS. Conclusion Allogeneic extracellular vesicle infusion combined with anti-leukocyte antibodies will increase the risk of death in TRALI, even though autologous DC has a protective effect on TRALI. Also, the allogeneic extracellular vesicles only combined with LPS does not cause respiratory distress. The data from this study suggest that we need to pay more attention on the risk of TRALI aggravated by the application of allogeneic EV therapies.

Objective Through the research of many cases of mimicking antibodies, To study the characteristics of mimicking antibodies and explore the transfusion principles of mimicking antibodies. Provide effective detection methods and clinical suggestions for patients with mimicking antibodies. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the sex, age, diagnosis and serological test of 160 cases of mimicking antibodies. Analyze the experimental data and find the relevant rules. Results The specificity of RH blood group antibodies is the most common in all mimicking antibodies. Mimicking antibodies of anti-Ce, anti-Ec and anti-D accounted for 94.48% in 160 cases. The type of CCDee is the most common type in all cases. GEL test in serum showed strong antibody reactivity (the score was 7.16). Indirect antiglobulin test in serum with tube showed strong specificity. Conclusion It is suggested that a variety of identification methods should be employed because it's difficult to identify the specificity of mimicking antibodies. The GEL test is more reactive in detecting antibodies and Indirect antiglobulin test method is more specific in distinguishing antibodies. The two methods should be combined. Blood transfusion treatment should be as far as possible to avoid mimicking antibody specificity, transfuse corresponding antigen negative of red blood cells will have obvious therapeutic effect on the patients.

Objective To investigate the prophylactic effects of pretreatment with baicalin on erythrocyte alloimmunization. Methods A model of red blood cell (RBC) infusion was established in C57BL/6 mice through co-infusion of human RBCs and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an adjuvant. Mice were randomly assigned into four experimental groups: (1) RBC infusion model group; (2) Untreated control group: injection of PBS only; (3) Baicalin pretreatment group: mice were given baicalin (250 mg/（kg·day）) daily for one week prior to the establishment of the RBC infusion model; (4) Dexamethasone (DEX) control group: DEX (5 mg/（kg·day）) were given daily for one week prior to the establishment of the RBC infusion model. The expression levels of IgG and IgM in the mice serum were analyzed by flow cytometry, and changes in CD4 T cells and B cells in the spleen were monitored. Results Compared to the RBC infusion model group, baicalin pretreatment significantly reduced the production of serum IgG (24 823.0±1 452.2 vs. 15 180.0±1 172.5, P<0.05) and IgM (194 206±2 868.6 vs. 112 287±9 741.5, P<0.05). Compared with the model group, there was a significant decrease in the expression of CD25 (1 006.0 ±206.1 vs. 548.4±19.1, P<0.05) and the proportion of B cells (31.16%±6.06% vs. 15.69%±4.59%, P<0.05) in the spleens of baicalin-pretreated mice, and no significant difference in the spleen size (mean length: 10±0.5 mm vs. 12±0.5 mm, P>0.05). Conclusion Baicalin effectively suppresses erythrocyte alloimmunization by inhibiting the production of IgG and IgM in the serum, as well as the inhibition of B cell proliferation and CD4 T cell activation in the spleen.

Objective To explore the modulating effects of near-infrared low level laser (LLL) irradiation on reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in platelets during cold storage, ultimately reducing cold storage-induced lesions and protecting the platelets from phagocytosis by macrophages and hepatocytes. Methods Buffer-coat-derived platelets were divided into three groups: room-temperature-stored platelets (RTP), cold-stored platelets (CSP), and CSP subjected to LLL irradiation (CSP-L). In the CSP-L group, platelets were irradiated with varying intensities of LLL irradiation (1 J, 5 J, 10 J) after 12 hours of cold-storage and then maintained under cold condition. After 5-day storage, ROS generation, expression of activation markers, exposure of glycosyl proteins and their residues in platelets from each group were analyzed and compared by flow cytometry (FACS). PMA-induced THP-1 cells and HepG2 hepatocytes were used to examine the phagocytosis of platelets in each group. Results After 5 days of storage, the platelet cytoplasmic ROS (cyto-ROS) level increased significantly in the CSP group compared with the RTP group (RTP vs.CSP, 3 960±259.6 vs. 5 846±757.4, P<0.01), whereas the mitochondrial ROS (mito-ROS) level was lower than that in the RTP group (RTP vs.CSP, 595±47.1 vs. 416±50.2, P<0.05). Notably, low-intensity LLL (1 J) irradiation in the CSP-L1 group significantly reduced cyto-ROS levels (5 846±757.4 vs. 3 945±459.4, P<0.01) and diminished the exposure of CD62P, phosphatidylserine (PS) expression and GPIb/ɑ glycoprotein residues compared with the CSP group ( P<0.05), aligning closely with the RTP group. Furthermore, the phagocytic rate of platelets by THP-1 and HepG2 cells was also obviously lower in the CSP-L1 group than in the CSP group ( P<0.05). Importantly, LLL irradiation had no significant effect on the platelet count, pH, or mean platelet volume (MPV) in cold storage. Conclusion Low-intensity LLL irradiation treatment could effectively lower the cyto-ROS levels of cold-stored platelets while maintaining low mito-ROS generation, and inhibit platelet activation and GPⅠb/ɑ desialylation, thereby reducing cold storage-induced lesions and preventing phagocytosis.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of extracellular vesicles derived from erythrocytes on erythrocytes storage damage. Methods A sufficient amount of qualified erythrocytes suspension samples were collected to prepare the extracellular vesicle products derived from qualified erythrocytes, determine the particle size distribution of extracellular vesicles, and draw the relationship between storage time and. western blot was used to detect the expression of CD63, TSG101, Cal, Gly-A, and GAPDH in extracellular vesicles. Dilute the erythrocytes suspension using a NaCl concentration gradient, measure the absorbance values of erythrocytes solutions stored for different days, obtain their osmotic fragility related indicators, record the data, and draw a curve between absorbance and erythrocytes storage time. The hemorheology indexes of erythrocytes under different storage times were detected by automatic hemorheometer to determine the deformability of erythrocytes, record the data and draw the relationship curve between the deformability of erythrocytes and different storage times. Finally, using storage time as the independent variable, analyze whether there is a correlation between the diameter of extracellular vesicles and the physical properties of erythrocytes. Results (1) As the storage time of red blood cell suspension increases, the diameter of the main particles of RBC-EVs decreases, but there is an abnormal increase in the main particles of RBC-EVs between 7 and 11 days. (2) RBC-EVs contain proteins from parental cells, and the expressions of CD63, TSG101, Gly-A, and GAPDH are all positive. (3) As the in vitro storage time increases, the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes increases, and their tolerance to low osmotic solutions weakens. (4) As the in vitro storage time increases, the deformation index and rigidity index of erythrocytes increase, and the deformability of erythrocytes decreases. (5) There is a significant correlation between RBC-EVs and the physical properties of erythrocytes, with the storage time of erythrocytes as the independent variable. Conclusion There is an impact between extracellular vesicles derived from erythrocytes and the storage damage of erythrocytes , and the generation of extracellular vesicles is accompanied by the storage damage of erythrocytes simultaneously.

Objective To study the effect of platelet CD36 antigen deletion type I gene mutation on its protein structure and function, and to understand the relationship between CD36 antigen deletion type I gene mutation and protein structure and function. Methods The DNA of platelet CD36 antigen deletion type I was amplified by PCR and sequenced. The obtained DNA sequence was aligned with the wild-type sequence of the CD36 gene, the start and end points of 12 exons were confirmed, and the cDNA sequence of exon 2 to 14 was spliced. Missense and synonymous mutations in cDNA sequences were analyzed with MEGA5.04 software. Psipred, SOPMA and JPred4 were used to predict the secondary structure of the protein, SWISS-MODEL to predict the spatial structure of the amino acid chain, Mupro, SDM, CUPSAT, mSCM, DUET, Dynamut to predict the stability change of the protein before and after mutation, PROVEAN to predict the effect on protein function, PyMOL and LigPlot+ modified protein spatial structure prediction map. Results A total of 4 gene mutations E4 (275). E12 (1156). E14 (1409) C>T and E6(538) T>C base mutations were detected. All 4 mutations lead to changes in protein structure and reduced stability. 3 kinds of c.T92M, c.W180R, c.R386W mutations have adverse effects on the function, the 5LGD model and the interaction between the mutant protein's ligand receptor basically unchanged. Conclusion CD36 antigen deletion type I base mutation reduces the protein stability by changing the protein structure, among which c.T92M, c.W180R, c.R386W mutations have a negative impact on protein function.

Objective This survey aimed to explore the contemporary situation of transfusion therapy provided by transfusion medicine department of medical institutions in China, and to identify potential directions for its further development. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was distributed nationwide, utilizing an online survey methodology, targeting staff within transfusion medicine departments to gather insights on the current landscape of transfusion therapy. Results A total of 482 effective questionnaires were finally collected, and 68.0% (325) originated from transfusion medicine departments offering transfusion therapy. Of these departments, 57.2% (186) had been administering such treatments for over 5 years. There were 24 transfusion therapy projects, with autologous whole blood (68.6%), autologous platelet-rich plasma (55.4%), and centrifugal plasma exchange (38.5%) being the three most prevalent. While 50.5% of transfusion medicine departments conducted fewer than 50 annual treatments annually, a notable 7.1% surpassed the 1 000-treatment mark. The workforce involved in transfusion therapy comprised doctors, technicians, and nurses, with the doctor-technician combination accounting for the highest share (34.2%), but the doctor-nurse combination contributed only 7.7%. Participants highlighted the fragmentation of transfusion therapy projects across other clinical departments as the primary impediment to its further development. Conclusion Transfusion medicine departments of medical institutions are currently engaging in transfusion therapy with vigor and enthusiasm. However, the overall practice remains in an initial stage, falling short of establishing a standardized, institutionalized, and widespread transfusion therapy system.

Objective To investigate how donor blood type, gender, age, and their interactions influence the levels of Factor Ⅷ (FⅧ) in cryoprecipitate and fresh frozen plasma (FFP), as well as the rate of product qualified. This study aims to provide scientific evidence for improving blood product quality monitoring and optimizing clinical transfusion strategies. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on quality monitoring data for 456 bags of cryoprecipitate and 128 bags of FFP collected at our institute from 2022 to 2023. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests, independent sample t-tests, ANOVA, LSD tests, and multiple linear and binary logistic regression analyses. Results The unqualified rate of FⅧ in cryoprecipitate and FFP was significantly higher than in other quality control items. In cryoprecipitate, the FⅧ level was the highest in AB blood type and the lowest in O blood type. Similarly, in FFP, O blood type had the lowest FⅧ levels. The FⅧ level in cryoprecipitate was the lowest in the younger age group and the highest in the elderly groups. In FFP, the FⅧ level in the younger age group was significantly lower than in the middle-aged and elderly groups. Both blood type and age independently affected FⅧ levels in cryoprecipitate and FFP, while the interactions between blood type, gender, and age showed no significant impact. AB blood type and increasing age positively influenced FⅧ levels in cryoprecipitate, whereas O blood type had a negative impact. Similarly, in FFP, O blood type negatively affected FⅧ levels, while the middle-aged and elderly groups had a positive impact. Additionally, O blood type was significantly associated with a higher risk of non-conformance in both cryoprecipitate and FFP. Conclusion The unqualified rate for FⅧ levels is the highest among quality control items for cryoprecipitate and FFP. Blood type and age are key factors influencing FⅧ levels, with O blood type significantly increasing the risk of unqualified FⅧ in both cryoprecipitate and FFP.

Objective To analyze the cause and significance of minor cross-match incompatibility by using micro-column gel test (MGT), and to provide reference for clinical transfusion. Methods Samples of transfusion recipients were collected from July 2022 to July 2023 with minor cross-match incompatible while antibody screening test negative. Direct antiglobulin test (DAT) was performed, Positive samples undergoing acid elution test. Antibody screening and identification were conducted on the eluate. DAT-negative individuals underwent donor antibody screening or re-cross-matching. A part of DAT-positive transfused patients were selected as the experimental group, and patients with major and minor cross-match compatibility and negative DAT were selected by propensity score matching as the control group for comparison and evaluation of transfusion efficacy. Results Among 380 patients with major cross-match compatibility and the minor cross-match incompatibility, 372 patients were DAT positive (97.89%). Antibody test of the acid elute, 364 cases showing negative results (97.85%), 6 cases were positive (1.61%) with no pattern. Two cases showed suspected reactive patterns (0.54%), but no specific antibodies were identified. These patients exhibited a significant increase in hemoglobin after receiving red blood cell suspension transfusion ( P<0.05), with no impact on the safety and efficacy of transfusion compared to the control group. Among DAT-negative patients, 4 cases were antibody screening positive (1.05%), 1 case had gel card abnormalities (0.26%), 2 cases were due to human error (0.52%), and 1 case was a false aggregation (0.26%). Conclusion The minor cross-match incompatibility with MGT has almost no impact on the safety and efficacy of transfusion for patients, and the majority of reasons for minor cross-match incompatibility are due to DAT positivity in patients. In addition, a small number of minor cross-match incompatibility were caused by human error, false aggregation and abnormal gel cards.

Aplastic anemia (AA) is a bone marrow hematopoietic failure disease. Blood component transfusion is necessary to treat anemia and maintain quality of life in AA patients. However, long-term blood transfusion easily leads to transfusion dependence, and the current blood supply is insufficient, and it is also increasingly difficult to meet the blood transfusion needs of AA patients. Therefore, it is particularly important to perform "patient blood management" (PBM) for AA, apply various non-transfusion methods to treat anemia, reduce the transfusion of allogeneic blood, and improve the quality of life of AA patients. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment can improve the symptoms of anemia in AA patients, reduce the need for allogeneic blood transfusion, and facilitate the blood management of AA patients. This article reviews the traditional Chinese medicine and its mechanism of action in the treatment of AA, and discusses the clinical significance of traditional Chinese medicine in the blood management of AA patients.