Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of CSP in patients with surgical hemorrhage. Methods A prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted on surgical patients with related bleeding to assess the hemostatic function of CSP compared with RTP. The primary outcomes measured were drainage volume, platelet counts, and Thrombelastography-maximum amplitude. Secondary outcomes included hospital stays, the intensive care unit stays and medical cost. Results A total of 62 patients were completed the final clinical observation. There were 31 cases in each of the CSP group and RTP group. Within 1~12 hours, 13~24 hours, 25~48 hours, and 49~72 hours after platelet transfusion, drainage volume: 8.5 mL/h vs 20.83 mL/h, 0.52 mL/h vs 5.0 mL/h, 3.5 mL/h vs 5.0 mL/h, 0.63 mL/h vs 4.1 mL/h. platelet counts: 58×10⁹/L vs 79×10⁹/L, 54×10⁹/L vs 77×10⁹/L, 63×10⁹/L vs 75×10⁹/L, 66×10⁹/L vs 79×10⁹/L. TEG-MA: 50.1 mm vs 52.0 mm, 50.1 mm vs 54.8 mm, 53.0 mm vs 56.6, 56.0 mm vs 53.2 mm. There were no overall differences between the two groups by Generalized Estimating Equations at different times (P_Drainage=0.933, P_PLTcounts=0.473, P_TEG-MA=0.246). The secondary outcomes (hospital stays, ICU stays, medical cost, discharge outcome) were no differences between the CSP group and RTP group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in adverse platelet transfusion events between the groups (P>0.05). Conclusion CSP and RTP have equivalent efficacy and safety in the treatment of surgical hemorrhage. This trial provides reliable evidence to support the clinical application of CSP.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of plasma exchange in desensitization treatment of DSA (donor-specific antibody) positive patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out of 30 DSA positive patients desensitized with plasma exchange and combined with anti-B cell therapy in our hospital from July 2021 to July 2023. We primarily investigated the changes in the average fluorescence intensity of DSA before and after plasma exchange therapy, its impact on the incidence of cell implantation during transplantation and GVHD (graft-versus-host disease) after transplantation, and the adverse reactions during plasma exchange therapy. Results Totally 64 plasma exchanges were performed on 30 patients, with 24 mild adverse reactions including hypocalcemia and allergies. These reactions were relieved after treatment and did not didrupt the plasma exchange process. The average fluorescence intensity of DSA before and after plasma exchange was 7 182.9±5 535.3 and 2 311.8±2 835.9, respectively (P<0.001). Among the 30 patients, 25 underwent allo-HSCT (umbilical cord blood transplantation in 19 and Haplo HSCT in 6), with 23 (92%) achieving hematopoietic reconstruction. The median engraftment times were 14 (9~60) days for neutrophils and and 31 (10~64) days for platelets. Two patients underwent secondary transplantation due to failed engraftment. Five patients were not transplanted or their data was deleted. The cumulative incidence of Ⅱ~Ⅳ aGVHD within 30 days after transplantation in 23 patients was 41%. Conclusion Plasma exchange combined with anti B cell therapy is an effective desensitization therapy for DSA positive patients subjected to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Objective This study is to establish a novel non-invasive testing method to detect fetal RHD blood group genes of cell free fetal DNA (cff-DNA) from peripheral blood of pregnant women, and to analyze the feasibility and accuracy of the method. Methods RhD-negative pregnant women who were enrolled in our medical center from August 2023 to August 2024 were used as the study subjects, and 5~8 mL of peripheral blood was collected from pregnant women, firstly, the mother's RHD genotype was detected, and the genomic DNA in the peripheral blood of the pregnant women was extracted by the adsorption column method, and the genomic DNA in the peripheral blood of the pregnant women was extracted by the sequence specific primer polymerase chain reaction (Polymerase Chain Reaction). Reaction-Sequence Specific Primer (PCR-SSP) method was used to detect the RHD genotypes of mothers, and pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were screened out; then cff-DNA in the plasma of pregnant women was extracted by the magnetic bead method, and the extracted cff-DNA was first subjected to quality control testing, and cff-DNA was processed using methylation-sensitive restriction endonuclease, and RHD genotypes were amplified after enzymatic digestion. DNA, methylation-sensitive restriction endonuclease was used to treat cff-DNA, and the RASSF1A and β-actin genes were amplified after digestion to ensure that cff-DNA of fetal origin was extracted; then the fetal RHD blood group gene test was performed, and the nested Taqman probe was used in the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect the cff-DNA.The qPCR method was used to amplify exons 4, 7 and 10 of RHD to determine the fetal RhD blood group; finally, the accuracy of the fetal cff-DNA RHD blood group gene test was verified, and the newborns' blood group after birth was tracked, which was used as a gold standard control to determine the accuracy of the maternal peripheral blood cff-DNA RHD blood group gene test. Results The samples from four RhD-negative pregnant women were collected for mother's RHD genotyping, and the results showed that three cases were RHD total deletion, and one case was RHD-CE (2-9), which all met the inclusion criteria; cff-DNA obtained from pregnant women's peripheral blood was enzymatically digested and then verified by quality control, and all of them were positive for the RASSF1A gene, negative for β-actin gene, and all of them were extracted into cff- DNA; using cff-DNA to detect fetal RHD blood group genes, the results showed that exons 4, 7 and 10 of RHD were positive in four cases, and the fetal RhD blood group was judged to be RhD positive; tracing back to four newborns, the newborn blood group serology results were RhD positive. Conclusion This new method of maternal peripheral blood cff-DNA detection of fetal RHD blood group genes is feasible, and the test results are consistent with the blood type of the newborn after birth, and its important for the early diagnosis of RhD-associated HDFN and the application of anti-D immune globulin in RhD-negative pregnant women.

Objective To study the serological changes, laboratory detection methods, and transfusion strategies for patients with positive anti-E unexpected antibodies after umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with E-positive antigens. Methods ABO and Rh blood typing and unexpected antibody screening tests were performed using conventional serological methods. Unexpected antibody identification was conducted using PEG enhancement technology and acid elution test. Cell population detection was carried out using flow cytometry to analyze the patterns of blood group antigen conversion and antibody resolution. Results The patient had pretransplant blood type AB, Rh type CCDee, with anti-E unexpected antibodies. Unrelated cord blood HSC donor was type B, Rh classification was ccDEE, related hemicompatible peripheral blood HSC donor was type AB, and Rh classification was CcDEe. The patient was in blood group transition and the unexpected antibody screening result was negative, but IgG anti-E antibody was detected by PEG enhancement test and erythrocyte acid release test. Conclusion For patients with similar antibodies before transplantation, PEG enhanced anti-human globulin test is recommended as a supplement to routine serological tests, monitor the changes of alloantibody levels, prevent hemolytic reaction and avoid red cell transfusion refractoriness.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of the anti-human globulin microcolumn agglutination method and the traditional saline medium test tube method in detecting unexpected antibodies in red blood cells, and to explore the value of using both methods in parallel for antibody screening. Methods We retrospectively investigated 2 518 samples from the Shanghai Blood Center, which underwent unexpected antibody screening between January 2014 and December 2024. Our study focused on the detection of eight types of antibodies (anti-M, anti-Le^a, anti-Mur, anti-Le^b, anti-P₁, anti-Di^a, anti-Fy^b, and anti-S) using the saline test tube method. Cases where both the saline medium test tube and the anti-human globulin microcolumn agglutination methods were used in parallel were selected for comparison. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0, and differences were assessed with McNemar's test (paired chi-square test). Results The detection rates for the antibodies were as follows: anti-M (96% by the saline method vs. 62% by the microcolumn method), anti-Le^a (60% vs. 97% ), anti-Mur (60% vs. 97%), anti-Le^b (84% vs. 70% ), anti-P₁ (89% vs. 40%), anti-Di^a (10% vs. 99% ), anti-Fy^b (4% vs. 88% ), and anti-S (16% vs. 99% ). Conclusion The anti-human globulin microcolumn agglutination method outperforms the traditional saline medium test tube method in detecting most unexpected antibodies, offering advantages in automation and ease of use. However, the saline test tube method shows higher sensitivity for certain antibodies (e.g., anti-M and anti-P₁), though the clinical significance of these antibodies remains unclear and warrants further investigation.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of third-generation gene sequencing (TGS) in detecting Kidd blood group antigen in weakly expressed samples. Methods Samples of patients in Xinjiang Autonomous Region People's Hospital were collected, Jka and Jkb antigens were detected by serological methods, and 9 cases of weakly expressed samples of Kidd blood group genes were subjected to full-length single-molecule real-time sequencing technology (third-generation high-throughput sequencing) to obtain their gene polymorphisms and statistically analyzed. Results The main mutation sites of the Kidd blood group gene were detected in this study: c.588A>G, c.838G>A, and c.130G>A. In addition, 5 samples were found to have new gene mutation types, with 2 being homozygous and 3 heterozygous. The new mutation gene types were: c.499A>G, c.588A>G, and c.838G>A, which are mainly seen in the Jk(b+) phenotype. The allele name for the new mutation is JK*02.NEW. In 9 samples, 7 of the genetic test results were different from the serological results, and all of them had ISBT-recorded or unrecorded gene mutation sites. At the same time, the specificity of the mutation gene sites and the corresponding amino acid changes were summarized and analyzed. Conclusion The present study investigated the mutation, splicing, folding, and amino acid sequence of the Kidd gene in the Xinjiang population. This research lays a solid foundation for gaining further insights into the specificity of blood groups in this region and provides a fundamental basis for future construction of three-dimensional protein models.

Objective Serological and gene sequencing methods were performed on 4 samples with the ABO discrepancy to accurately determine blood type. Methods Samples suspected of subtype A detected by serological testing were subjected to Sanger bidirectional sequencing, and the genotypes and phenotypes were analyzed via software-assisted analysis and comparison. Results The gene sequence of two out of four samples was consistent with ABO*AEL.08/ABO*O.01.01 and ABO*AEL.03/ABO*B.02, respectively, both exhibiting the A_el phenotype. One sample was identified as ABO*AW.37/ABO*B.01, corresponding to the A_weakB type. A heterozygous mutation of 287G>T was detected in exon 6 in one case. This mutation is not documented in the ISBT database and is suspected to represent a novel mutation site on the ABO*A1.02 allele. Conclusion Serology in conjunction with molecular biological detection can facilitate a more accurate assessment of samples that exhibit ABO discrepancy to ensure the safety and efficacy of blood transfusions. The serological characteristics and gene sequence analysis of samples with diminished A antigen expression, can provide valuable data support for the identification of subtype A.

Objective To establish a detection process for drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia (DITP) caused by piperacillin-tazobactam sodium, and to provide timely diagnostic criteria for clinical diagnosis of DITP. Methods Platelet antibody screening was conducted using the solid-phase agglutination method. The solid-phase agglutination method was employed in the detection system to test for piperacillin-tazobactam sodium and omeprazole dependent platelet antibodies. In vitro red blood cell sensitization was performed using the anti-human globulin method to detect drug antibodies against piperacillin-tazobactam sodium on red blood cells. The patients were followed up at 1, 2, 5, and 8 days post drug withdrawal to investigate the potency of piperacillin-tazobactam sodium-dependent platelet drug antibodies and observe trends in platelet counts. Results A patient who received piperacillin-tazobactam sodium for 13 days experienced a significant decrease in platelet count and developed bleeding symptoms, which were attributed to the presence of piperacillin-tazobactam sodium-dependent platelet drug antibodies. Conclusion The solid-phase agglutination method incorporating piperacillin-tazobactam sodium can be utilized as a rapid diagnostic tool for detecting drug-dependent platelet antibodies.

Objective To analyze the diagnostic value of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in platelets in early screening of colon cancer (CC). Methods The GSE68086 and GSE183635 datasets, which contain platelet lncRNAs data from CC patients and healthy controls, were analyzed using the “limma” package in R. The intersection of the results was utilized to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs). The Wilcoxon rank sum test in R language was used to analyze the differential expression of DElncRNAs in CC tissues and normal control tissues. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of platelet LINC00926 in 60 healthy controls and 66 CC patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to evaluate diagnostic performance. Results The differential analysis of GSE68086 dataset identified 341 DElncRNAs, and the GSE183635 dataset identified 21 DElncRNAs. The key DElncRNA LINC00926 was obtained from the intersection. R language Wilcoxon rank sum test showed that the expression level of platelet LINC00926 in CC tissues was lower than that in normal colon tissues (P<0.05). qRT-PCR confirmed that down-regulation of platelet LINC00926 in CC patients and early-stage CC patients (both P<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) of platelet LINC00926 for CC diagnosis was 0.781, with a specificity of 80.0% and sensitivity of 74.2%. AUC for early-stage CC diagnosis was 0.761, with a specificity of 78.3% and sensitivity of 70.8%. The combined diagnostic model of platelet LINC00926 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) had an AUC of 0.864, a specificity of 91.7% and sensitivity of 69.7%. The AUC for early-stage CC diagnosis was 0.851, with a specificity of 75.0% and sensitivity of 85.4% (P<0.05). In both CC and early-stage CC, the detection of AUC of platelet LINC00926 combined with CEA was superior to that of single detection (z =-2.619, 2.388, respectively, both P<0.05). Conclusion The LINC00926 expression in platelets of CC patients was down-regulated. It suggests that platelet LINC00926 may enhance the diagnostic value of early screening for colon cancer.

Objective DIA proteomics technique was used to analyze the effect of Potentilla anserina capsule on the differential expression of serum protein in rats with hemorrhagic shock under hypothermia and hypoxia. Methods Twenty-two male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (n=8), model group (n=8), and treatment group (n=6). The rats in the 3 groups were fed adaptively for 1 week. Before modeling, the rats in the treatment group were given Potentilla anserina capsule daily by intragastric administration, and rats in sham operation group and model group were given the same amount of saline for 7 days. Serum samples in the sham operation group were collected during the same time after the successful modeling of the other two groups. All blood samples were subjected to proteomics to identify proteins with significant changes in expression levels, and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed to determine their biological functions. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was also conducted to explore the biological pathways involved. Results A total of 3 502 protein spots were identified. Compared with sham operation, 196 proteins were significantly differentially expressed in the model group, including 110 up-regulated proteins and 86 down-regulated proteins. Compared with the model group, 104 proteins were significantly differentially expressed in the treatment group, including 68 up-regulated proteins and 36 down-regulated proteins. The protein expressions of Slfn2, Tex52, Fmod, Fabp5 and Exoc3 were significantly different between the model group and the treatment group. The GO analysis of differentially expressed proteins showed that differential proteins were mainly involve cellular processes, biological regulation, stress response, protein-containing complexes, catalytic activity, and regulation of molecular functional activity, etc. KEGG pathway analysis involves pathways such as ribosome, platelet activation, inositol phosphate metabolism, and phosphatidylinositol signaling system. Conclusion The study has confirmed that Potentilla anserina capsules can significantly change the expression of immune response-related proteins and inflammatory related proteins in serum of rats with hemorrhagic shock under hypothermia and hypoxia, which may be regulated through metabolic pathways such as ribosome metabolism and platelet activation.

Objective To systematically evaluate the qualified rate for the reentry of donors from 2013 to 2023 in China. Methods Retrieved cross-sectional studies on the eligibility rate of donor reentry in China published from January 2014 to August 2024 in Duxiu, CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane library. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening, data extractionand quality evaluation, with Stata18.0 software for meta-analysis. Results A total of 25 articles were included, with 10 693 donors participated the test of donor reentry and 6796 donors got through the test. The results of meta-analysis showed that the qualified rate of donor reentry in China from 2013 to 2023 was 63.5%[95%CI(59.3%,67.8%)],the response rate of donor reentry was 18.3% [95% CI (10.1%, 26.6%)], and the qualified rates of deferred donors who got through the requalification process in screening HBsAg, HCV, HIV and TP were 57.5% [95% CI (48.8%, 66.2%)], 62.1% [95% CI (55.0%, 69.2%)], 65.0% [95% CI (55.3%, 73.8%)] and 64.0% [95% CI (57.3%, 70.6%) respectively. The rate of reentry from the deferred donors was 57.2% [95% CI (49.5%, 64.8%)], and the percentage of donors who got through the blood tests was 91.7% [95% CI (86.7%, 96.7%)], including heterogeneity, with P<0.05. Conclusion The high qualified rate of donor reentry in China can provide some reference and suggestion for other blood institute to carry out the procedure for reentry of donors.

Objective This retrospective study is to compare the safety, efficacy and short-term outcomes between blinatumomab and anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy in B-ALL patients treated at our institution. Methods The cohort included 21 patients treated with blinatumomab (2021—2023) and 80 patients treated with anti-CD19 CAR-T cells (2016—2020). Results In blinatumomab group, 52.4% (11/21) of patients experienced cytokine release syndrome (CRS), with no severe CRS or neurotoxicity reported, and 90.5% achieved MRD-negative complete remission (CR). In contrast, 95.5% (64/67) of patients in the CAR-T group experienced CRS, with 38.9% (26/67) classified as severe cases, and 86.7% achieved MRD-negative CR. Based on the results of the subgroup analysis, blinatumomab was associated with milder CRS compared to CAR-T therapy, regardless of pre-treatment tumor burden or relapse status (P<0.05). The efficacy between the two groups was comparable. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were not reached in the blinatumomab group, with 12-month PFS and OS rates of 70.7% and 88.1%, respectively. In the CAR-T group, the median PFS and OS were 12.3 months and 19.0 months, with 12-month rates of 52.0% and 62.4%. Patients who underwent umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) post-treatment had significantly improved PFS (P=0.010 for blinatumomab, P<0.001 for CAR-T). Conclusion In patients with B-ALL across varying tumor burdens and relapse counts, the efficacy of blinatumomab was comparable to that of CD19 CAR-T cell therapy, with a notably lower incidence of cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Post-treatment UCBT significantly enhanced patient survival. However, due to limited sample size and follow-up duration for the blinatumomab group, further research is needed to confirm the long-term efficacy.

Sema7a protein, a member of the semaphorin protein family, also known as CDw108 or JMH antigen, is a blood group antigen on the surface of erythrocyte membrane. It's a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycoprotein widely expressed on the cell membranes of various tissues throughout the body. The Sema7a protein can be cleaved from cell membrane by various physical and chemical factors, such as enzyme, blood shear force and hypoxia. The Sema7a protein on the surface of erythrocyte membrane is the main source of free Sema7a in vivo. The Sema7a protein can bind to two known receptors, integrin or PlexinC1 (PlexinC1), or in a free form to participate in various biological activities throughout the body, and plays an important role in cell differentiation, nerve signal transduction, immune response, inflammation regulation, and tumor progression. This review summarizes the mechanisms of Sema7a protein involvement in the occurrence and development of different diseases based on the classification of systemic disease.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a platelet concentrate that releases various growth factors upon activation and plays an important role in promoting tissue repair. Currently PRP therapy, as a novel technique, has achieved significant clinical results in the treatment and prognosis of many diseases, and has been applied in multiple disciplines such as orthopedics, pain management, and dermatology. In recent years, the application of PRP in reproductive medicine has attracted widespread attention. This article briefly reviews the possible mechanisms of the effect of intrauterine infusion of PRP on endometrial injury repair, providing a theoretical basis for the application of PRP in the treatment of female infertility.

Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) represents a significant public health challenge. Despite hepatitis B vaccine is effective, hepatitis B infection continues to pose a substantial threat to global health. Individuals with OBI are typically asymptomatic but may harbor active HBV DNA in their blood, which can lead to potential virus transmission risks during blood transfusions or organ transplants, thereby endangering recipients and increasing the risk of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Although China has made advancements in blood screening technologies, OBI remains a critical hidden danger of blood transfusion safety. Therefore, enhancing the surveillance and management of OBI throughout the blood screening and transfusion process is essential to ensure blood safety and safeguard public health.

Deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) can lead to the destruction of red blood cells during oxidative stress responses. Although screening for G6PD deficiency is not currently a routine practice in healthy blood donors, there are reports in the literature that transfusion of RBCs from individuals with G6PD deficiency can lead to hemolysis and other adverse events. Moreover, certain patient populations may be more susceptible to complications associated with the transfusion of G6PD-deficient RBCs. This article reviews the pathogenesis of G6PD deficiency and its clinical challenges in transfusion practice, aiming to improve the effectiveness and safety of blood transfusion for relevant populations.

Plasma is a commonly used component in clinical blood transfusion, primarily for supplementing coagulation factors to prevent or treat bleeding or bleeding tendencies caused by coagulation factor deficiencies. Convalescent plasma therapy have broadened the clinical application of plasma infusion. Research has shown that plasma infusion can also alleviate skin diseases and promote corneal regeneration. In animal experiments, it has been discovered that young plasma can combat aging and alleviate clinical manifestations of aging-related diseases by restoring autophagy, inhibiting apoptosis, reducing oxidative stress, and exerting anti-inflammatory effects. This article summarizes the progress of animal experimental research on the expanded applications of plasma and its related components except convalescent plasma therapy. It explores the potential molecular mechanisms underlying these expanded plasma applications, which provides foundation for advancing the commercialization of plasma components and the development of transfusion medicine treatment technology.

ABO blood group antigens are expressed on the membranes of many tumor cells, but in some cancer patients, a weakened expression of A and B blood group antigens on tumor cells can be observed, which is often associated with tumor progression. The role and mechanism of the weakened expression of ABO blood group antigens in the occurrence and development of tumors are still unclear. Recent studies have shown that the methylation status of CpG islands in the promoter region of ABO genes may be related to the expression of ABO blood group antigens. This article aims to provide a brief review of the role and mechanism of ABO genes promoter methylation in the weakened expression of ABO blood group antigens in tumors.