ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between calcium concentration and sperm activity. MethodsCalcium imaging system was used to observe the calcium signal of sperm in the experimental group and control mice. ResultsThe results showed that the concentration of calcium in the sperms of rats decreased because of smoking, leading to a reduced sperm motility. ConclusionSomking has a detrimental affect on sperm activity and may lead to a harmful reproductive injury.

ObjectiveTo understand the clinical use of blood, analyze the effect of the seasonal change, blood type deviation,velocity of increase and irrationality on blood collection and supply institutions for efficient and rational use of blood resources. Additionally, the tendency of clinical blood use in future was predicted. MethodsThe amount of blood for clinical use was analyzed according to the statistical data of medical institutions of Lianyungang city through retrospective study method from 2008 to 2013. ResultsBlood donation and clinical use had the seasonal fluctuation. There was a significant difference between the blood groups in in natural population of this region and the consumption of suspended red blood cells, The order from high to low of blood group is A>O>B>AB. The deviation of type A and type B may be related to the distribution difference of blood groups and the disease susceptibility of each group. The amount of whole blood use was yearly decreased and the use of suspended red blood cells and plasma kept in a constant level, whereas the use of platelets increased fast and the growth rate of cryoprecipitate was relatively stable. Using the regression analysis help accurately to predict the future value of the supply of different blood products. ConclusionsBlood donation and clinical blood use vary in seasons.In order to minimize the influence of blood type deviation, the minimum and maximum inventory warning lines of different blood types should be set specifically in the plan of blood inventory. The concept of blood transfusion has been changed (the whole blood transfusion has being replaced by component transfusion gradually), but the unreasonable transfusion in plasma is still common. It is feasible to apply the regression analysis to predict the clinical blood use, and scientific data base should be provided in an annual plan decision.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical value in combined detection of the serum tumor markers on patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods56 cases primary liver cancer of the hospitalized patients, 32 cases of other liver diseases, and 34 healthy persons were collected. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), serum malignant tumor growth factor (TSGF), glutamate based transpeptidase (GGT), alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and fucosidase (AFU) were determined. ResultsIndexes AFP, TSGF, AFU, GGT and CEA in patients with primary liver cancer were higher than those with benign liver diseases and normal control (P<0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of combined detection were higher than those of the single test (P <0.05). ConclusionThe combined detection of serum tumor markers of liver cancer can effectively improve the accuracy of diagnosis, and provide important basis for the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

ObjectiveTo investigate the the prectical value of serum procalcitonin (PCT)/c-reactive protein (CRP) joint detection in the diagnosis of bacterial infections. MethodsVenous blood and body fluid specimens were collected from the in-patients without medical treatment after admission from April 2013 to July 2014. The PCT level was evaluated by double antibody sandwich immunochromatography and CRP was tested by the immune turbidimetry.Bacterial culture and identification were complished with automatic blood culture and microbe identifying system. The samples were divided into three groups:155 cases of Gram-,81 cases of Gram+ ,100 cases of negative bacteria infections, and 100 cases of healthy control. The receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to assess the diagnositic value of PCT and CRP. ResultsThe PCT and CRP levels in Gram- infection group were found to be 7.5（2 .5-12.5） and 70 .5( 23.5-164.5);while those in Gram+ infection group were 2.5(2. 5-7.5)and 112 (48-176);and those in non-bacteria group were 1(1-1)and 49 .5( 16.5-115.5) compared with the levels of 0.07(0.03-0.09) and 3 ( 1-5) of PCT and CRP in healthy control.The PCT and CRP concentrations were higher in the bacteria infection than those in the control（P<0 .05）.Among them,PCT level of Gram- group increased more obviously than that of Gram+ group（P<0 .05）but no difference was noted of the CRP level between them（P>0 .05）. The AUG of PCT (0.994) was large compared with that of CRP（0.969, P<0 .05）.PCT test had advantage over CRP in sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive/negative predictive value, positive/ negative likelihood value and Youden index. ConclusionPCT may be used as a reliable marker in differentiation and early diagnosis of bacteria infections. Combined examination of both markers is valuable for disease monitoring and therapeutic evaluation in bacteria infections.

ObjectiveTo study and evaluate the application value of HE4, CA125 and PDGF-BB detections for diagnosis and clinical staging of ovarian malignant tumors . Methods216 patients were divided into two groups. Group one (premenopausal group) included 26 cases of malignant ovary tumor and 53 cases of benign ovary tumor, and 60 cases of healthy women as control. Group two (emenopausal group) comprised of 50 cases of malignant ovary tumor, 87 cases of benign ovary tumor and 108 cases of healthy women. HE4, CA125 and PDGF-BB in sera of patients were detected with ICMA and ELISA and the clinical application value in diagnosis of malignant ovarian tumor was analyzed. ResultsThe levels of HE4, CA125 and PDGF-BB in the cases of malignant ovary tumor were significantly higher than those of benign tumors and healthy women (P <0.01). Spearman correlation analysis was staticstically significantly and HE4 was the highest correlation (r=0.613). The sensitivity of HE4 and CA125 was higher than that of PDGF-BB (P <0.05) while no difference was observed between HE4 and CA125 (P>0.05). At the same time, the specificity and accuracy of HE4 reached 88.1% and 87.1%, respectively when the level of 36.5pmol/L was taken as the threshold value in premenopausal group. In the menopausal group, however, the specificity and accuracy were found to be 93.5% and 88.7% respectively if the cut-off value of 56.8pmol/L was used. ConclusionMornitoring of the three seral tumor markers of serum HE4, CA125 and PDGF-BB possesses a practical significance in helping to master the situation of patients, efficacy of treatments, and assessment of prognosis of malignant ovarian tumors.

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between HBsAg quantitation, HBeAg and HBV DNA load detection and HBV genotyping in the positive HBeAg patients with chronic hepatitis B. MethodsThe data of 154 cases of HBeAg positive patients with chronic hepatitis B were collected, who were primarily diagnosed in an infectious disease hospital from January to December, 2014. ResultsForty-eight patients were infected with HBV genotype B , 104 with HBV genotype C and 2 with neither genytype B nor genotype C. The HBsAg level was higher [4.0 (2.6,5.5) log10IU/ml] and HBV DNA load [6.8( 4.3,8.5) log10 copies/ml] in patients infected with HBV genotype C was higher than other genotypes [4.0( 2.6,5.0) log10IU/ml, 6.5 (3.7,7.8) log10 copies/ml] (P < 0.05). However, there was no statistical significance of HBeAg level between genotype C and other genotypes. The Sperman correlation analysis showed that HBsAg had a negative correlation with HBeAg (r = -0.42, P = 0.005) or HBV DNA(r =-0.43,P = 0.03). ConclusionsCorrelation of HBsAg quantitation exists with HBeAg load, HBV DNA Level, and HBV genotypes. These markers should be jointly detected in the diagnosis of positive HBeAg patients with chronic hepatitis B.

ObjectiveTo explore the agreement between the testing results of reactive samples by ELISA for HBsAg and HBV DNA by PCR,so as that a more accurate testing may be provided for the donors. MethodsPCR was apply to the reactive samples from volunteer donors who had been tested by ELISA for HBsAg to make a comparison between the results.ResultsBy employing two ELISA reagents, 698 samples are tested to be reacted positively in the total of 122,675. Among the 698 samples, there are 382 have been equally detected positive by the two ELISA reagents. 203 cases were found PCR positive, account for 29.08%. 179 cases are PCR negative, account for 25.64%. Among the 204 positive samples tested by one ELISA reagent, 8 cases are found PCR positive, account for 1.15%; 196 negative cases existed, account for 28.08%. By employing two ELISA reagents, 5 samples were within the gray area. None of them were positive for PCR, account for 0%; while 5 negative were observed, account for 0.72%; by employing one single ELISA reagent, 107 cases were within the gray area and 5 cases were PCR positive, comprise 0.72%; 102 are negative, account for 14.61 %. ConclusionIn the HBsAg blood screening, different ELISIA reagents showed different degrees of sensitivity and specificity. If double reagents are applied, the positive reaction results are more likely to be consistent with the results from HBV DNA. A few cases within gray area are also identical with them, but the development of HBV DNA should be closely observed and followed-up.

ObjectiveTransfusion of blood components containing high amounts of leucocytes possibly causes side-effects in recipients. Therefore, the measurement of the residual leucocytes is certainly required for quality control of blood components. The study aimed to evaluate the performance of a new microscopic system (ADAM-rWBC) for residual leucocytes determination in blood components. MethodsThe quantitative accuracy, reproducibility and practical performance of ADAM-rWBC in detection of leucocytes was evaluated when compared with sysmex KX21 hematology analyzer and manual counting in the nageotte chamber. ResultsIn a parallel detection of 3 specimens which contained 40, 10 and 1 cell/μl, the inter-assay coefficient of variation (CV %) was 8.8, 11.3, and 31.1 for ADAM-rWBC and 20.4, 31.8, and 15.3 for Nageotte. The accuracy was 100%, 87.5%, and 37.5% for ADAM-rWBC and 50%, 12.5%, and 37.5% for Nageotte, respectively. In the detection of 36 complete blood samples (white leucocytes counting ranged from 4500 to 10 700 cell/μl), the WBC quantification results from ADAM-rWBC diluting- measurement were comparable (P =0.655) and well-correlated (Slope=1.00±0.01, R 2=0.832, P <0.001) with that from Sysmex kx21 hematology analyzer. In detection of 34 blood components after leucocytes depletion, no significant difference (P =0.18) was observed between ADAM-rWBC and Nageotte chamber, all sample presenting a WBC amount <3.0 cell/ μl, which coincided with the standard requirement of <12.5 cell/μl. ConclusionThe ADAM-rWBC was a accurate and reliable method for white leucocyte measurement. In comparison with manual counting, the ADAM-rWBC was more reproducible and was satisfied of convenience and be able to meet the national requrement.

ObjectiveTo analyze the HBV-DNA quantitative test results and serum HBV markers in blood donors. MethodsThe positive HBsAg was detected as HBV markers in blood donors and HBV-DNA was tested by fluorescent quantitative-PCR, and samples over 1 000 IU/ml was subjected to DNA sequencing. Results9 HBV-M modes in the measured samples were noted and each of the modes presented the active DNA replication in a certain degree. ConclusionThere are a higher viral replication activity in HBV carriers in blood donors, to which more attention should be paid. The genotype B of HBV might be the endemic character in the local blood donors.

ObjectiveTo investigate the genotypes of HCV among blood donors in Fuzhou city of China. MethodsAntibodies against HCV and RNA were detected by ELISA and nucleic acid technology(NAT), and the possitive samples were amplified by PCR. The PCR-positive samples were subjected to 5′ UTR gene DNA sequencing, and HCV genotypes were determined by phylogenetic analysis. Results92 samples were both reactive by ELISA and NAT screening, and 52 of them were amplified successfully by PCR, all of these samples were determined the genotypes by sequencing 5’ UTR gene, and the results were 6a [(19/52)36.54%], 1b [(18/52)34.62%], 3a [(6/52) 11 .54%], 1a [(2/52)3.85%], 3b [(2/52)3.85%], others [(5/52)9.60%]. Conclusions6a and 1b were predominant HCV genotypes in the blood donors in Fuzhou city of China.

ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and applicability of roche diagnostics MPX V2.0 in screening of blood nucleic acid technology(NAT) by its comparison with MPX V1.0. MethodsMPX V1.0 or MPX V2.0 reagent was used for NAT screening according to 9 418 ELISA-negative donors(HBsAg-,anti-HCV-, anti-HIV- and TP-). NAT positive samples were confirmed with electrochemical luminescence detection. Results8 samples were positive in 9 418 donors, in which 6 samples were observed MPX V1.0 positive and 6 , MPX V2.0 positive. We found one sample with low CT（MPX V1.0 CT=16.4,MPX V2.0 CT=18）and positive HCV-Ag (MPX V2.0). We believed that this donor was in the window phase of HCV infection confirmed by the second test one month later. ConclusionEither MPX V1.0 or MPX V2.0 reagent may miss low viral load samples (<20IU/mL). The sensitivity needs to be improved. MPX V2.0 can directly distinguish the type of viral infection based on fluorescence. MPX V2.0 is advantageous over MPX V1.0 to explain the positive donors and make early diagnosis.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of pooled platelet and leukocyte depletion,for supplying quality assurance for clinical transfusion. MethodsPlatelet concentrates (PCs) was prepared from 400 ml fresh whole blood by platelet rich plasma ( PRP) method. 12 units of ABO-matched PCs were pooled. and filtered with the domestic filters. The indicators of PCs were tested before and after filtration. ResultsThe number of platelet(Plt), red blood cell(RBC), leukocyte(WBC), pH and hypotonic shock response( HSR) before and after filtration were（3.20±0.37）x 1011 VS（2.67±0.44）x 1011,（4.39±1.97）x 109 VS（3.95±1.77）x 109,（2.06±2.02）x 108 VS（0.02±0.03）x 108, 6.78±1.18 VS 6.98±1.06,（68.53±9.18）% VS（70.96±7.81）%. The platelet recovery was（82.67±5.58）%. There were significant difference(P < 0. 05) among these indicators, such as PH,RBC and WBC. ConclusionPooling and filtering platelet concentrate is worthy of clinical use due to its standard quality and well-preserved function after filtration.

Standardizing and strengthening the continuing education of blood station staff are important measures to improve the overall quality of blood station and ensure the safety of blood transfusion. This article analyzed the necessity of continuing education of blood station staff and proposed five essential points of continuing education, including transfusion related laws and regulations, non-remunerated blood donation, the basic knowledge of blood transfusion medicine, trends of transfusion medicine and humanity character education. The continuous and effective education and training of blood station staff will help accelerating the development of transfusion medicine in China to a great extent.