Abstract: Objective To screen the population of rapid adaptation to high altitude hypoxia and the genes related to hypoxia adaptation by different population,including Han population who rapidly entered plateau (for 3 and 7day), the plateau-acclimatized Han population (residing for 30 and 90 days),the plateau Han population (more than 10 years on the plateau) and the Tibetan population. Methods The Blood routine examination and S_pO₂ data were measured by automatic blood cell analyzer and oxygen saturation detector. The mRNA expression levels of hypoxia inducible factor related genes were detected by qRT-PCR. The difference of HbF with high oxygen affinity was detected by the protein electrophoresis method. Results After entering the plateau the hemoglobin（Hb） concentration of Han population increased significantly（146.12±15.5 g/L in the plain,173.05±11.7 g/L after entering plateau 3 days,173.57±11.2 g/L after entering plateau 7 days,175.86±10.4 g/L after entering plateau 30 days,181.98±16.6 g/L after entering plateau 90 days, and 195.46±22.4 g/L living in plateau for a long time,P<0.05）,while S_pO₂ decreased significantly（97.28±1.46% in the plain,87.6±3.1% after entering plateau 3 days,and 90.4±2.6% after entering plateau 30 days,P<0.05）. The Hb concentration of Tibetan living in plateau was slightly higher than that Han population in plain,and S_pO₂ was slightly lower （P<0.05）. The expression level of EPAS1 mRNA was increasing in Han population after entering plateau for 7 days, 90 days,and living in plateau for a long time and in Tibetan（P<0.05）. The changes in RBC,Hb and Hct after entering the plateau 3 days were higher in Han population on the plains who did not have elevated EPAS1 gene expression than in those with elevated gene expression（P<0.05）. The HbF in Tibetan was 54.5% higher than that of Han population （more than 10 years on the plateau）with 27.3% and that of Han population living on plain with only 14.3%. Conclusion We should screen out the Han population,who were characterized with high expression of EPAS1 mRNA after entering plateau 3 days and high HbF,which provides a theoretical basis for the screening of Han population for rapid adaptation to hypoxia in the plateau.

Key words: High altitude hypoxia adaptation, Hypoxic adaptation genes, Gene expression