Abstract: Objective To discuss the distribution of ABO blood type and the correlation between ABO blood type and malignant tumors in Hunan Province. This is to accumulate blood type distribution data and reveal the potential correlation between ABO blood type and malignant tumors to provide a basis for auxiliary disease diagnosis and blood inventory management. Methods The clinical data of patients with ABO blood type and healthy physical examination subjects in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from 2016 to 2023 were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the distribution of ABO blood type. The chi-square (χ²) test was used to compare the distribution of ABO blood types between patients with malignant tumors and healthy groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of ABO blood type in tumor groups. Results The ABO blood type distribution In Hunan Province was type O (35.02%)>type A (34.45%)>type B (22.42%)>type AB (8.10%). The ABO blood type distribution in patients with gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and cervical cancer was A>O>B>AB. The ABO blood type distribution in patients with leukemia and lymphoma was O>A>B>AB. The difference was statistically significant compared with the healthy group by χ² test (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that in Hunan Province, the OR of colorectal cancer, breast cancer and cervical cancer in people with type A and O was significantly higher than that in people with type AB; the OR of gastric cancer in people with type A was significantly higher than that in people with group AB; the OR of leukemia in people with type O was significantly higher than that in people with type AB; the OR of lymphoma in people with type O and type B was significantly higher than that in people with type AB (P<0.05). Conclusion The ABO blood type distribution in Hunan Province was O>A>B>AB. Type AB is a protective factor in patients with colorectal cancer, cervical cancer and breast cancer; Type B is a protective factor in patients with gastric cancer and cervical cancer; Type A, B, and AB are protective factors in patients with leukemia and lymphoma.

Key words: ABO blood type, Malignant tumor, Blood type distribution in Hunan