Abstract: Objective To investigate the changes in the expression profile of growth factors in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) under different preparation conditions, providing experimental evidence for selecting different types of PRP for different clinical treatment purposes. Methods Seven portions of PRP (30 mL each) were obtained using a blood component separator. Ten milliliters of the same PRP were randomly divided into platelet-poor plasma (PPP) control group, PRP gel supernatant group, and PRP frozen lysate group. The PRP gel group utilized bovine thrombin and 10% calcium gluconate to create a premix solution, which was then added to PRP in a 1∶9 ratio to obtain PRP supernatant. The PRP frozen lysate group went through five cycles of freezing and thawing at temperatures ranging from -20℃ to 37℃ to obtain platelet lysate. Changes in the growth factor profile in the samples were detected using Quantibody® growth factor protein chips, and differential growth factors were validated using ELISA. Results Compared to PPP, five growth factors showed increased expression in the PRP supernatant group: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF, 14.64 times), platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA, 4.53 times), epidermal growth factor (EGF, 4.52 times), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, 3.45 times), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF, 2.16 times). GO and KEGG analyses indicated that these factors were mainly enriched in cell migration, Ras, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, participating in tissue repair. In the PRP lysate group, the increased growth factors were BDNF (20.74 times), EGF (11.12 times), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1, 5.76 times), while the decreased growth factor was insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-6 (IGFBP-6, 1.46 times). These factors were primarily enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway and FoxO signaling pathway, playing anti-inflammatory roles. Conclusion Both PRP supernatant and PRP lysate can release a variety of growth factors. Growth factors produced in PRP supernatant mainly participate in wound repair and healing, while those in PRP lysate mainly contribute to tissue repair and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, for different clinical treatment purposes, PRP products prepared in different ways should be selected to achieve the best therapeutic outcome.

Key words: Platelet rich plasma, Growth factors, Platelet gel, Platelet lysate, Protein chip