Research Progress on Erythrocyte-based Vaccine Carriers

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-2587.2024.03.018

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL TRANSFUSION AND LABORATORY MEDICINE ›› 2024, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (3): 404-411.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2587.2024.03.018

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Research Progress on Erythrocyte-based Vaccine Carriers

GAN Li¹, YI Ping¹, ZHAO Qinjian², ZHANG Xinyuan¹

¹West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan;
²College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R.

Received:2024-02-24 Online:2024-06-20 Published:2024-06-24

Abstract

Abstract: Erythrocytes are abundant within the body and are predominantly responsible for oxygen delivery. Mature mammalian erythrocytes have no nucleus and organelles, and they possess a high surface area-to-volume ratio, making them easy to conduct modification. These characteristics make erythrocytes suitable as delivery system, and erythrocytes have been used for drug delivery. Erythrocytes also possess immune regulatory capabilities. Erythrocytes can bind to pathogens and interact with chemokines, participating in innate immunity. Senescent erythrocytes modulate the expression of surface molecules and interact with phagocytic cells in the spleen, thereby regulating the adaptive immune response, facilitating the clearance of senescent erythrocytes through non-inflammatory pathways. The advantages in delivery and immunomodulation have led to the use of erythrocyte-based carriers in novel vaccines, replacing traditional vaccine adjuvants. There are diverse methods for synthesis of erythrocyte-based carriers. These carriers have great biocompatibility and are amenable to modification, accommodating the needs of different vaccines. By design, carriers based on erythrocytes in different stages can exert different immunomodulatory functions. Carriers based on normal erythrocytes can induce immune activation, while those based on senescent erythrocytes can be used to induce immune tolerance, showing promising results in the prevention and treatment of cancer, infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases. This article reviews the biological advantages of erythrocyte as vaccine carriers, antigen-loading strategies, the immunological effects of erythrocyte-based vaccine carriers and optimization strategies, providing insights for the development of novel vaccines.

Key words: Vaccine, Erythrocyte, Carrier, Immune activation, Immune tolerance

CLC Number:

R331.1⁺41

GAN Li, YI Ping, ZHAO Qinjian, ZHANG Xinyuan. Research Progress on Erythrocyte-based Vaccine Carriers[J]. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL TRANSFUSION AND LABORATORY MEDICINE, 2024, 26(3): 404-411.

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Research Progress on Erythrocyte-based Vaccine Carriers

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