Abstract: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disorder characterized by peripheral thrombocytopenia and a bleeding tendency. Its pathogenesis is mainly attributed to autoantibody-mediated platelet destruction and suppression of megakaryocyte function. Recent studies have further highlighted the contribution of platelet desialylation to antibody-mediated platelet clearance. As an important pathological indicator, platelet antibody testing plays an increasingly critical role in the auxiliary diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ITP, as well as in evaluating disease activity, monitoring treatment response, and guiding transfusion or pregnancy management. This review systematically reviews the principles and analytical performance of commonly used platelet antibody detection methods, including the monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA) assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry, and bead-based immunoassays. We also discuss the clinical relevance of platelet antibody profiles in relation to disease phenotype and therapeutic outcomes, together with recent advances in the understanding of platelet desialylation. These findings provide a foundation for further research and may contribute to improving diagnostic strategies and clinical management in ITP.

Key words: Immune thrombocytopenia, Platelet antibodies, MAIPA, Flow cytometry, ELISA, Desialylation