ABO-mismatched platelet transfusions have been widely used developed country. In recent years, there has been expert consensus on local application in China, but due to the lack of professional knowledge, the safety and effectiveness of ABO-mismatched platelet transfusion are generally concerned, resulting in less application of ABO mismatched platelets in China, even in emergency cases. This paper introduced the concept of ABO mismatched platelet transfusions、red blood cell antigen on platelet、platelet supply imbalance and demand, summarized the research progress of ABO mismatched platelet transfusions in safety and efficacy, suggested the guidance of ABO mismatched platelet transfusions to provide application strategies for clinical transfusion.
Objective To evaluate the effects of varying riboflavin concentrations and visible light intensities on E. coli in plasma, based on which to propose alternative methods for reducing bacterial contamination in plasma. Methods Fresh frozen plasma that failed the glutamate aminotran sferase (ALT) test was randomly selected and divided into control, light, and experimental groups after being differently treated. Plasma mixed with E. coli was added to each group. The control group did not undergo any treatment, the light group was subjected to irradiation without addition of riboflavin, and the experimental group received irradiation with addition of riboflavin at a working concentration of 50~300 µM. The light and experimental groups were placed in a pathogen reduction device and irradiated with 420 nm visible light with 50 mW/cm2, 75 mW/cm2, and 100 mW/cm2, respectively. The duration of the light treatment was 55 minutes. The study evaluated the effects of different riboflavin concentrations and visible light intensities on E. coli in plasma. Bacterial culture was performed at the end of light exposure to assess the outcomes. Results After treatment with 420 nm visible light for 55 minutes, the concentration of E. coli decreased by 1.7~3.5 log (50 mW/cm2),2.8~≥4.4 log (75 mW/cm2),and 4.0~≥4.7 log (100 mW/cm2) respectively. Treatment with high-intensity light (100 mW/cm2) and high riboflavin concentration (150 and 300 µM) reduced over 4 logs of E. coli in plasma. Increased light intensity and riboflavin concentration both enhanced the reduction effect on E. coli. The two factors were also found to be in positive correlation with E. coli reduction efficacy. Conclusion At the wavelength of 420 nm, light intensity of 75 mW/cm2, riboflavin concentrations of 150 µM and 300 µM, riboflavin visible light irradiation method has the best treatment effect on E. coli in plasma, and could effectively reduce the concentration of E. coli contaminated in plasma.
Objective To investigate the effects of psoralen on HepG2 cells by transcriptome sequencing technology（RNA-seq）. Methods The effects of various concentrations of psoralen (0、62.5、125、250、500 μM) on the viability of HepG2 cells after 12 h and 24 h treatment were detected by CCK-8 assay.The cell cycle of HepG2 cells exposed to 250 μM psoralen for 24 h was detected by flow cytometry.RNA-seq followed by GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified differentially expressed genes between control and psoralen groups.qPCR was conducted to verify the gene expression levels of target genes. Results Compared with the control group,the cell viability rate of HepG2 cells after treated with psoralen was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase was increased (P<0.05).There are 286 differentially expressed genes in psoralen groups,of which 130 were up-regulated and 156 were down-regulated. The GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were mainly involved in the biological processes and signal pathways related to the cell cycle. The qPCR results showed that p53 and GADD45B gene expression was up-regulated (P<0.05, P<0.01), CDK2, RRM2 and CCND1 gene expression was down-regulated by treatment of Psoralen in HepG2 cell (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Psoralen has toxic effects on HepG2 cells and inhibition of cell cycle progression.The mechanism may be related to the regulation of the expression of cell cycle genes (p53, CDK2, GADD45B, CCND1, RRM2).
Objective Analyze the effectiveness and safety of minor ABO incompatible platelet transfusions and ABO compatible platelet transfusions in emergency special cases, and promote a scientific basis for the clinical application of minor ABO incompatible platelet transfusions. Methods ① 24 cases of minor ABO incompatible platelet transfusions were collected as minor ABO incompatible group in emergency special cases from Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University from January 2013 to June 2023;610 cases of ABO compatible platelet transfusions were collected during the same period, and 24 cases of them with similar characteristics were selected as ABO compatible group using propensity score matching method. The differences were compared in the effectiveness of platelet transfusions, hospitalization days, Liver and kidney function etc between two groups. Analyzed the acute hemolytic transfusion reaction rate of minor ABO incompatible platelet transfusions. ②The minor ABO incompatible platelet transfusions were simulated in blood recipients,the strength of red blood cell agglutination were detected by Saline Medium. Results ①There were no differences in the effectiveness of platelet transfusions between the minor ABO incompatible group and the ABO compatible group, ∆PLT were (18.0±20.2)×109/L, (20.6±15.4)×109/L respectively, t value was 0.51, P=0.61; PPR were (55.4±54.5)%, (61.9±48.9)% respectively, t value was 0.46, P=0.65. ②The hospitalization days, ALT, Cr, IgG, IgM, CD4, CD8 and B lymphocytes of the minor ABO incompatible group were (30.4±17.8) d, (33.0±16.3) U/L, (104.9±64.7) μmol/L, (9.1±2.6) g/L, (1.24±0.83) g/L, (299.3±341.5) cells/μL, (475.7±283.9) cells/μL, (142.8±218.6) cells/μL;the ABO compatible group were (29.5±17.5) d, (31.1±40.5) U/L, (95.6±55.6) μmol/L, (11.8±3.0) g/L, (0.96±0.42) g/L, (397.3±250.9) cells/μL, (622.7±406.6) cells/μL, (190.7±216.6) cells/μL respectively, there were no differences between the two groups, t values were 0.15, 0.01, 0.39, 1.90, 1.03, 0.72, 0.65, 0.21, all P>0.05. ③No acute hemolytic transfusion reactions were reported on 24 cases of minor ABO incompatible platelet transfusions. ④The results of erythrocyte agglutination reaction were negative in simulated type B (or type AB) adults transfused with 1 U A platelet; the results of erythrocyte agglutination reaction were negative in simulated type A (or type AB) adults transfused with 1U B platelet; the results of erythrocyte agglutination reaction were negative in simulated type A (or type B or type AB) adults transfused with 1 U O platelet. Conclusion ①There were no differences in the effectiveness of platelet transfusions between the minor ABO incompatible group and the ABO compatible group. ②In emergency or special cases, no more than 1 U minor ABO incompatible platelet transfusion did not cause acute hemolytic transfusion reaction.
Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) in clearing panel reactive antibody (PRA) before renal transplantation. Methods The changes of PRA in 11 patients with PRA positive before kidney transplantation and after DFPP treatment in our hospital from January 2021 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Parameters such as routine blood, liver function and anticoagulation were monitored before and after treatment. Results PRA in 11 patients with end-stage renal failure decreased significantly after DFPP treatment, from positive to negative or weakly positive. Except for one patient who gave up kidney transplantation because of poor general conditions, the other patients underwent kidney transplantation successfully. Sixty-two DFPP treatments were performed. There were no significant changes in RBC, HGB, PLT, ALB, TBIL, PT, APTT, K, Na, Cl, HCO3- compared with patients before and after DFPP treatment (P>0.05). Conclusion DFPP can effectively reduce the high PRA index before renal transplantation and reduce the risk of acute rejection after renal transplantation, and the treatment process is safe.
Objective To investigate the determinants that influence the efficiency of autologous hematopoietic stem cell harvests. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed at Shengjing Hospital from January 2018 to January 2023, including 140 autologous hematopoietic stem cell harvesting procedures. The collections were stratified into two cohorts based on the yield of CD34+ cells: a 'favorable' cohort with a CD34+ cell count of ≥2×106/kg, and a 'suboptimal' cohort with counts <2×106/kg. Comparative analyses were done to scrutinize variances across a spectrum of parameters between the cohorts. These parameters were demographic data (gender, age, weight), clinical diagnosis, processed blood volume, nadir days, low point white blood cell level, interval from nadir to collection, leukocyte counts prior to and on the day of collection, lymphocyte and monocyte counts on the day of collection, hemoglobin levels and hematocrit values on the day of collection, volume of stem cell harvested, and total processing volume. Results The comparative analysis revealed significant disparities between the two cohorts in several categories, including clinical diagnosis and gender. Notably, the median duration to reach the leukocyte nadir diverged between the cohorts（median 8.0 vs 7.0 d, P<0.05）, as did the median leukocyte count at nadir （median 0.9×109/L vs 0.4×109/L, P<0.05）, and the median interval from nadir to collection (median 4.0 d vs 6.0 d, P<0.05). On the day of collection discernible differences were observed in leukocyte counts (median 10.8×109/L vs 7.5×109/L, P<0.001), monocyte counts (median 2.1×109/L vs 1.3×109/L, P<0.001) and lymphocyte counts (median 1.1×109/L vs 0.7×109/L, P<0.05), hemoglobin levels (median 97.0 g/L vs 91.0 g/L, P<0.05) and hematocrit percentages (median 29.2% vs 25.9%, P<0.05), alongside the circulating blood volume (median 9 112 mL vs 9 998 mL, P<0.05). Critical independent risk factors, which could affect the collection effect, were identified, i.e. the patient age（median 49 y vs 52 y）, the elapsed time from nadir to collection (median 4.0 d vs 6.0 d), and the monocytes count on the collection day(median 2.1×109/L vs 1.3×109/L). Conclusion A multifaceted array of factors potentially affect the efficacy of autologous hematopoietic stem cell collection. Among these, patient age, the interval from leukocyte nadir to collection, and the monocyte count on the collection day stand out as independent risk factors that could influence the outcome of the stem cell harvest.
Objective To compare the positive rate and the cost of modified 56℃ heat elution method and freeze-thaw elution method in detecting ABO hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn (ABO-HDFN), and to discuss the clinical application value of the two methods. Methods All neonatal/umbilical cord blood samples received in our hospital in March 2023 were selected for ABO-HDFN detection (direct anti-human globulin test, free antibody test, elution test), and the elution method was used of modified 56℃ heat elution and freeze-thraw elution simultaneously, the results of the two elution methods were compared and analyzed by specific statistical methods. Results A total of 256 non-O blood type neonatal/umbilical cord blood samples were included for ABO-HDFN detection, of which 145 were type A, 109 were type B and 2 were type AB. The positive rate of modified 56℃ heat elution method was 69.92%, and the freeze-thraw method was 64.45%, there is no statistical difference between the two methods,either in the condition of different blood type, different aggregation intensity and different DAT. Only when free antibody was positive, the modified 56℃ heat elution method was better than the freeze-thraw method. Conclusion There is no statistical difference between the two methods for the diagnostic value of ABO-HDFN in most situations. Each laboratory can choose the method suitable for the laboratory according to the emergency degree of clinical patients, the equipment, consumables configuration, staff experience and time cost of the laboratory.
Objective To explore whether the AB plasma dilution method can replace the saline method for alloantibody titer detection, or which method also can eliminate the influence of high titer autoantibodies, or detecting alloantibodies. Method Four groups of specimens were prepared for testing: ①six samples with autoantibody; ②sixteen samples with known alloantibody; ③16 mixed samples using ①and ② (artificially mixed 6 autoantibody plasma and 16 known alloantibody plasma according to certain rules); ④ Four samples with autoantibodies which contain anti -C, anti -E, anti -Jka, and anti -CE alloantibodies, respectively. We serially diluted the samples of groups ①, ②, and ③ with saline or AB plasma, respectively and measured their titers using AHG test (microcolumn method). Diluted the samples of group ④ with AB plasma, and screened for irregular antibodies. Result ①6 autoantibody samples in group were diluted with saline at titers of≥512, where as with AB plasma the titers of≤4;② only one pair of anti-M titer of 2 was inconsistent, which was 2 using the saline dilution method, and was 4 using the AB plasma dilution method. When the titers were ≥ 4, the both results were consistent; ③ When their original titers≥ 16, there was no difference between the saline and AB plasma dilution method. When those titers<16, titers with saline dilution method keep 16. When the original titer of alloantibody ≥ 8, the AB plasma dilution method can detect the same titers as the original same antibody. When the titer is ≤ 4, it cannot distinguish between the alloantibody and the autoantibody. ④In the AB plasma dilution test, there was a change in the pattern of antibody screening reaction in a 1∶8 test tube for four recipients with autoantibodies, which pattern corresponding with anti -C, anti- E, anti -Jka, and anti -CE antibodies respectively. Conclusion Extremely high titer autoantibodies are detected with the saline dilution method , where as the AB plasma dilution method can eliminate the influence of 1∶4 titer autoantibodies in test tubes; AB plasma as a dilution solution does not affect the titer detection of alloantibodies, which is slightly better than the saline dilution method; AB plasma dilution, in the presence of highly effective autoantibodies, can detect the presence of alloantibodies with a titer ≥ 8 based on different changes in the screening pattern of the three line antibodies. It is a relatively simple immunohematological experimental method that can avoid interference from autoantibodies.
Objective To evaluate the effect of restrictive blood transfusion versus liberal blood transfusion strategy in patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction using meta-analysis. Methods American Medical Library (PubMed), Holland Medical Abstract (Embase), Web of Science, SinMed, Weipu database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang databases were searched from their start year up to Dec. 2022 for relevant randomized clinical trials (RCT) that compared restrictive blood transfusion to liberal blood transfusion in patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. RCTs that met the inclusion criteria were screened and included, and meta-analysis was conducted using the RevMan5.3 software. The outcomes of in-hospital mortality, overall mortality, follow-up reinfarction, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were evaluated. Results Six studies involving 3311 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results of meta-analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups regarding the In-hospital mortality(RR(risk ratio)=0.68,95%CI：0.31~1.48,P=0.33),Overall mortality(RR=0.83,95%CI：0.47~1.49,P=0.54),Follow-up reinfarction(RR=1.59,95%CI：0.38~6.75,P=0.53),Unplanned revascularization(RR=0.83,95%CI：0.39~1.73,P=0.61),Heart Failure,(RR=0.74,95%CI：0.16~3.46,P=0.70)and Stroke(RR=0.69,95%CI：0.14~3.48,P=0.65). Conclusions No significant differences were seen in the In-hospital mortality,overall mortality,and the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events such as follow-up reinfarction,unplanned revascularization,heart failure and stroke occurrence in elderly patients with AMI when open transfusion was compared with restrictive transfusion.
Objective To investigate the affecting factors of perioperative red blood cell transfusions in patients with colorectal cancer, thus providing evidence for rational use of blood in clinic. Methods Data were collected from January, 2013 to January, 2020 regarding clinical records, laboratory tests and perioperative blood transfusions of 295 patients in our hospital. The main factors involved in the red blood cell transfusion process, i.e. patient's age, gender, preoperative hemoglobin level, preoperative coagulation, operation time, tumor location, tumor volume, tumor staging, hospital stay were classified and analyzed. Results Of the 295 patients, 106 (35.9%) had intraoperative blood loss greater than 600 mL, the intraoperative blood transfusion rate being 49.2%. The higher transfusion rate was associated with preoperative anemia (Hb <100 g/L) in 51.0% of patients. The volume of intraoperatively transfused red blood cells accounted for 52.1% of the blood perioperatively used. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the most influential factors that affected the volume of intraoperative red blood cells were patients'age（P<0.001）and cancer location (P=0.004 for colon cancer; P=0.003 for rectal cancer), which were statistically significant predictors. In terms of the perioperative red blood cell transfusion volume, the significantly associated variable was tumor size (P=0.037). Significant correlation was observed neither between patient age, gender and perioperative blood transfusion (P>0.05) nor between red blood cell volume and length of hospital stay (inter-operative P=0.428, perioperative P=0.604), surgical incision type（P=0.784）, or incision healing（P=0.056）. The ratio of red blood cell to plasma infusion was reasonable during the operation, and there was no need for "matched whole blood" infusion. Conclusion The main influencing factors of perioperative blood transfusions are tumor location and size instead of patients'age, sex, preoperative hemoglobin level, operation time and tumor staging. Perioperative blood management is essential to reduce blood transfusion and shorten hospital stay.
Objective To analyze the effect of silicon chip nanomicrofluidic technology and magnetic activated cell sorting method on the enrichment of fetal nucleated red blood cells (FNRBCs). Method A total of 112 pregnant women who were scheduled to undergo prenatal screening at the hospital's obstetric clinic from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected as the study subjects. 10 mL of blood was collected from the elbow vein and FNRBCs in blood samples were enriched by silicon chip nanomicrofluidic technology and magnetic activated cell sorting method, respectively. We compared the cell morphology and cell count before and after enrichment, the enrichment time of FNRBCs and the sterility test results of two methods. Results The enrichment time of FNRBC by silicon chip nanomicrofluidic technology was longer than that by magnetic activated cell sorting method (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the positive incidence of sterility tests between the two methods (P>0.05). Compared with the magnetic activated cell sorting method, the silicon chip nanomicrofluidic technology yielded fewer total cells, more FNRBCs, and a higher proportion of FNRBCs (P<0.05). Conclusion The risk of contamination of the samples obtained from FNRBCs enrichment by both methods. Compared with magnetic activated cell sorting method, silicon chip nanomicrofluidic technology was more capable of removing mixed cells and obtains a larger number of FNRBCs, which was more effective in the enrichment of FNRBCs, but it took a longer time.
Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of Kidd blood group solute carrier family 14 (SLC14A1) gene in kidney clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). Methods Bioinformatics analysis was used to analyze and evaluate the expression and clinical prognostic value of SLC14A1 in KIRC in combination with SANGERBOX, GEPIA, UALCAN, STRING and other databases. Results Kidd blood group SLC14A1 gene was significantly up-regulated in 4 tumors (P<0.05), and significantly down regulated in 22 tumors (P<0.05). The mRNA expression level of SLC14A1 in KIRC tissues was significantly lower than that in normal tissues (tumor1.35±1.69 vs normal 3.90±2.47, P<0.05). Survival analysis showed that the expression level of SLC14A1 was significantly positively correlated with the overall survival rate of KIRC (P<0.05). Based on univariate Cox and multivariate Cox regression analysis, low expression of SLC14A1 was a prognostic risk factor for KIRC. KEGG enrichment analysis dominates in metabolic pathways. GO enrichment analysis dominates in phagosome acidification, trivalent iron transport and transferrin transport. Conclusion The low expression of Kidd blood group SLC14A1 gene in KIRC is associated with the occurrence, development and poor prognosis of KIRC, which is expected to be used as a possible target for KIRC diagnosis, prognosis judgment and treatment.
Objective To investigate the expression levels and clinical significance of the CD59 blood type gene in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) using bioinformatics techniques. Methods CD59 mRNA and protein expression in PAAD were analyzed via GEPIA, UALCAN, and HPA databases. The TIMER database was utilized to examine the correlation between CD59 in PAAD and immune cell infiltration, UALCAN database to investigate how CD59 in PAAD affected signaling pathways influencing PAAD progression, STRING database to explore the interaction between CD59 expression and upstream/downstream proteins, and Single-factor Cox and multi-factor Cox regression results to assess the association between CD59 blood type and PAAD prognosis. Results mRNA and protein expression levels of CD59 were significantly elevated in PAAD compared to adjacent tissues (P<0.05). Patients with high CD59 expression had a poorer prognosis than those with low CD59 expression in PAAD. The expression of CD59 in PAAD correlated positively with CD8+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells (correlation coefficient>0, P<0.05). Single-factor and multi-factor Cox regression analyses established high CD59 expression as a risk factor for PAAD prognosis. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed a predominant role of the complement and coagulation cascades, while GO enrichment analysis indicated the dominance of regulatory signaling pathways in protein processing. Conclusion The CD59 blood type gene exhibits higher expression in PAAD and correlation with its occurrence, development, and adverse prognosis, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic/prognostic indicator and therapeutic target for PAAD.
Objective To discuss the predictive value of microRNA, thrombus markers, and lower extremity deep vein thrombosis scoring system (Wells score) for reflecting the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in elderly patients with hip fracture to provide diagnostic evidence for reducing the incidence of DVT. Methods A total of 105 elderly patients with hip fracture admitted to our hospital from October 2020 to October 2022 were selected, and divided into DVT group (34 cases) and non-DVT group (71 cases) according to whether DVT occurred one week after surgery. Clinical data between the two groups were compared and Wells score was evaluated before surgery. MicroRNA substances [microRNA-374b-5p (miR-374b-5p), microRNA-664b-3p (miR-664b-3p)], thrombus markers [thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), soluble thrombomodulin (sTM), plasmin alpha2-antifibrinolytic complex (PIC), tissue-type plasminogen activator inhibitor complex (t-PAIC)] were detected. The factors influencing the occurrence of DVT were analyzed. The predictive value and clinical utility of Wells score, miR-374b-5p, miR-664b-3p, sTM, PIc, TAT, t-PAIC for predicting the risk of DVT in elderly hip fracture patients by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results The plasma FDP level and Wells score in the DVT group before surgery were highly likely to be higher than those in the non-DVT group (P<0.05). The relative expression level of miR-374b-5p in the DVT group was higher than that in the non-DVT group, while the relative expression level of miR-664b-3p was lower (P<0.05). The plasma levels of sTM, PIC, TAT, and t-PAIC in the DVT group were higher than those in the non-DVT group (P<0.05). FDP, Wells score, miR-374b-5p, miR-664b-3p, sTM, PIC, TAT, and t-PAIC were all factors affecting the occurrence of DVT in elderly patients with hip fractures (P<0.05). The AUC values of Wells score, miR-374b-5p, miR-664b-3p, sTM, PIC, TAT, and t-PAIC were 0.666, 0.734, 0.750, 0.730, 0.764, 0.761, and 0.800, respectively. The combined prediction of DVT risk had the highest AUC value of 0.921, with good clinical utility (P<0.05). Conclusion The combination of miR-374b-5p, miR-664b-3p, sTM, PIC, TAT, t-PAIC and Wells score had high predictive efficacy and good clinical utility in predicting the risk of DVT in elderly patients with hip fracture.
Objective To investigate the correlation and clinical significance of hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) with hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV-DNA), Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and liver fibrosis stage in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods CHB patients admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to December 2022 were selected as study objects, and were divided into mild group (stage S0-S1, 50 cases) and moderate and severe group (stage S2-S4,150cases) according to the severity of fibrosis. Clinical data and laboratory indicators in the two groups were compared. Spearman/Pearson was used to analyze the correlation between HBcAb and HBV-DNA, HBsAg and liver fibrosis stage. LASSO regression was used to screen variables. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to assess the diagnostic performance. Results Univariate analysis showed that the duration of disease in the moderate-severe group was longer; the grading distribution of liver inflammation was more severe; ALT, AST, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, laminin, type III procollagen N-terminal peptide, hyaluronic acid, type IV collagen and HBcAb were higher; HBV-DNA and HBsAg were lower compared with the mild group (P<0.05). HBcAb was positively correlated with liver fibrosis, and HBV-DNA and HBsAg were negatively correlated with liver tissue fibrosis staging (P<0.05). The 13 variables with P<0.05 in univariate analysis were screened out 4 to identify four variables liver inflammation grade, HBcAb, HBV-DNA and HBsAg by LASSO regression, which were related factors of moderate and severe liver fibrosis (P<0.05). The AUC for the combination of liver inflammation grading, HBcAb, HBV-DNA and HBsAg in the diagnosis of moderate and severe liver fibrosis was superior to any single test. Conclusion HBcAb was positively correlated with liver fibrosis, while HBV-DNA and HBsAg were negatively correlated with liver fibrosis. All the above indicators are related factors for moderate to severe liver fibrosis, which have certain diagnostic value and provide cetrain reference for clinical prediction of moderate to severe liver fibrosis.
Objective To identify the specificity of antibodies in plasma of patients and develop strategies for cross matching. Methods Antibodies were screened and identified by saline medium test tube method and LISS/ Coombs card, and the specificity of plasma antibodies was determined by the reaction patterns of the Makropanel 16, the Makropanel 16-P and the panel cell at 4℃. Results The patient's Rh blood group was CCDee and MN blood group was NN. Multiple antibody identification results showed that there were alloantibodies in the plasma: anti-f (f:ce composite antigen) of Rh blood group system and anti-M of MNS blood group system. Conclusion Anti-f only reacted with red blood cells containing f antigen (R0, r) and can be enhanced by proteolytic enzymes. The IgG anti-M showed stronger reactivity in the 4℃ environment. After the transfusion and immunization, the patient produced anti-f and anti-M antibodies. In clinical blood matching, red blood cells without M antigen were preferentially selected for cross matching, RhCE antigen was detected according to blood matching results, and red blood cells without f antigen were selected for transfusion.
In recent years, nanomaterials have shown unique advantages in the application of bone tissue engineering materials. Graphene and its derivatives such as graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, as representative two-dimensional nanomaterials with excellent mechanical properties, large specific surface area, good electrical conductivity and biocompatibility, are considered to have great potential for bone tissue engineering applications. Herein, the applications of graphene and its derivatives as reinforcement components and drug carriers for novel composite bone engineering scaffolds are reviewed, and application studies based on different animal models are also presented in order to fully validate the osteoinductive effects of graphene and its derivatives. Subsequently, the signalling pathways related to osteogenic differentiation, such as Wnt, MAPK and BMP, were summarized, and their respective roles and the interrelationships among these pathways were clarified, which is of great significance for the elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of osteogenic differentiation.
