创新型输血替代策略：纳米血红蛋白氧载体的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-2587.2025.05.011

临床输血与检验 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (5): 655-661.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2587.2025.05.011

创新型输血替代策略：纳米血红蛋白氧载体的研究进展

侯雪佳, 杨欣, 党盼玉, 尹文, 顾顺利

空军军医大学西京医院输血科,陕西西安 710032

收稿日期:2025-09-02 修回日期:2025-09-10 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2025-10-11
通讯作者: 顾顺利,主要从事输血医学研究,（E-mail）gushunli627@163.com。
作者简介:侯雪佳,主要从事输血医学研究,（E-mail）hxj154678149@163.com。

Innovative Transfusion Alternatives: Advances in Nano-hemoglobin Oxygen Carriers

HOU Xuejia, YANG Xin, DANG Panyu, YIN Wen, GU Shunli

Department of Blood Transfusion,Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University,Xi'an 710032

Received:2025-09-02 Revised:2025-09-10 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2025-10-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 氧气作为维持生命活动和机体代谢的必需物质,在生理稳态调节和疾病治疗过程中发挥着不可替代的作用。当前临床正面临着日益严峻的血液供应短缺和输血相关感染风险等挑战,这促使研究者们致力于开发安全高效的人工氧载体（artificial oxygen carriers, AOCs）作为红细胞替代品。其中,基于血红蛋白的氧载体（hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, HBOCs）因其与天然红细胞具有相似的携氧能力,已成为当前输血替代治疗领域的重要研究方向。然而,传统HBOCs因其具有血管收缩活性、氧化应激毒性以及较短的循环半衰期,其在临床应用中仍面临着挑战。随着纳米技术的进步,通过血红蛋白的纳米封装、表面功能化修饰、生物分子偶联等创新策略,研究人员成功构建了新一代纳米材料HBOCs系统。这些新型载体不仅显著改善了传统HBOCs的局限性,还在创伤急救、缺血性疾病治疗、肿瘤氧合调控等生物医学领域中具有广阔的应用前景。本文重点综述了HBOCs及纳米材料相关HBOCs的研究进展,分析了其在未来临床应用中的优势与挑战。

关键词: 人工氧载体, 血红蛋白氧载体, 纳米材料, 氧气输送, 红细胞替代品

Abstract: As an essential substance for maintaining life activities and metabolic processes, oxygen plays an irreplaceable role in regulating physiological homeostasis and treating disease. The clinical field currently faces severe challenges such as blood supply shortages and transfusion-related infection risks, prompting researchers to develop safe and efficient artificial oxygen carriers (AOCs) as red blood cell substitutes. Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have gained significant attention in this context due to their oxygen-carrying capacity being similar to that of natural red blood cells. This makes them a key area of research in the development of alternative transfusion therapies. However, traditional HBOCs present challenges for clinical use due to their vasoconstrictive activity, oxidative stress toxicity, and short circulatory half-life. Advances in nanotechnology have enabled researchers to develop a new generation of HBOC nanomaterial systems using innovative strategies such as haemoglobin nano-encapsulation, surface functionalisation modification, and biomolecular conjugation. These novel carriers significantly overcome the limitations of traditional HBOCs and have promising applications in fields such as trauma emergency care, treatment of ischaemic diseases, and tumour oxygenation regulation. This paper provides a comprehensive review of research progress on HBOCs and nanomaterial-based HBOCs, analysing their advantages and challenges for future clinical applications.

Key words: Artificial oxygen carriers, Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, Nanomaterials, Oxygen transport, Red blood cell substitutes

中图分类号:

R457

侯雪佳, 杨欣, 党盼玉, 尹文, 顾顺利. 创新型输血替代策略：纳米血红蛋白氧载体的研究进展[J]. 临床输血与检验, 2025, 27(5): 655-661.

HOU Xuejia, YANG Xin, DANG Panyu, YIN Wen, GU Shunli. Innovative Transfusion Alternatives: Advances in Nano-hemoglobin Oxygen Carriers[J]. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL TRANSFUSION AND LABORATORY MEDICINE, 2025, 27(5): 655-661.

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创新型输血替代策略：纳米血红蛋白氧载体的研究进展

Innovative Transfusion Alternatives: Advances in Nano-hemoglobin Oxygen Carriers

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