Abstract: Anemia is a prevalent complication of pulmonary tuberculosis, exhibiting marked regional and demographic variations in its epidemiological characteristics. Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces anemia in pulmonary tuberculosis patients by impairing host immune function, altering systemic iron metabolism, and exacerbating chronic inflammatory responses. Anemia is intricately linked to the onset and progression of pulmonary tuberculosis and serves as an independent risk factor for disease deterioration and mortality. Clinically, anti-tuberculosis therapy should be integrated with strategies to address anemia. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis and associated risk factors is warranted to identify effective interventions to provide a theoretical foundation for the precise management of pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Key words: Pulmonary tuberculosis, Anemia, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Immune dysfunction, Hepcidin, Trace elements, Iron metabolism