献血对人体健康的长期效应—基于45岁、50岁和55岁人群的队列研究*

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-2587.2025.04.010

临床输血与检验 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 499-508.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2587.2025.04.010

献血对人体健康的长期效应—基于45岁、50岁和55岁人群的队列研究^*

苏舒^1,2, 谷孝云³, 张磊⁴, 马婷¹, 宋奥微¹, 牛佳萌¹, 武文杰³, 谢昕昕¹, 王文华¹, 王李秦¹, 程谦克³, 虢玲侠⁵, 杨江存¹, 孙杨¹

¹陕西省人民医院输血科;
²重庆医科大学第二附属医院;
³陕西省卫生信息中心信息技术处;
⁴西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院;
⁵陕西省卫生健康委员会规划发展和信息办公室,陕西西安 710068

收稿日期:2025-03-03 出版日期:2025-08-20 发布日期:2025-08-22
通讯作者: 孙杨,主要从事临床输血与大数据精准输血研究,（E-mail）suny519@163.com。共同通信作者：杨江存,主要从事临床输血研究,（E-mail）yjc65@sina.com。
作者简介:苏舒,主要从事临床输血研究,（E-mail）sushucq@gmail.com。并列第一作者：谷孝云,主要从事卫生信息大数据研究,（E-mail）271910941@qq.com。
基金资助:
*本课题受陕西省科技厅科技成果转移与推广计划-获奖成果转化项目（No.2019CGHJ-09）; 陕西省人民医院领军人才基金项目（No. 2021LJ-14）资助

Observation of Long-term Health Impacts of Blood Donation from 45, 50, and 55 Aged Blood Donors: a Population-based Matched Cohort Study

SU Shu^1,2, GU Xiaoyun³, ZHANG Lei⁴, MA Ting¹, SONG Aowei¹, NIU Jiameng¹, WU Wenjie³, XIE Xinxin¹, WANG Wenhua¹, WANG Liqin¹, CHENG Qianke³, GUO Lingxia⁵, YANG Jiangcun¹, SUN Yang¹

¹Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shaanxi People's Hospital;
²The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University;
³Department of Information Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Health Information Center;
⁴School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center;
⁵Planning Development and Information Office of Shaanxi Provincial Health Commission, Xi'an, 710068

Received:2025-03-03 Online:2025-08-20 Published:2025-08-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的献血对健康的长期影响,特别是对迟发性慢性病的影响,尚未得到充分研究。本研究在随访期内调查了献血对45岁以上人群住院率及共病模式,探索献血对人群健康的长期效应。方法从陕西省血液中心获取175 715名献血者信息,按照1:1比例从陕西省电子健康记录档案（EMR）中按照出生年份、性别、居住地等人口学指标匹配非献血者信息。该队列从2012年1月开启随访至2018年12月31日。Cox回归计算慢性疾病住院的校正风险比（adjusted hazard ratio, AHR）。采用多病网络分析评估住院患者共病模式。结果共有175 715名献血者和等量非献血者参与了1 246 130人年的随访,平均年龄为50.0±4.4岁。45岁以上、献血4次以上和5次以上的参与者癌症住院率较低（AHR为0.894和0.872,P<0.001）。50岁以上患者的癌症（AHR为0.783和0.748,P<0.001）和呼吸系统疾病（调整AHR为0.883和0.845,P<0.001）发生风险均较低。55岁以上的献血者4次以上和5次以上的献血者患病风险降低（AHR为0.915和0.890,P<0.001）。多发病网络显示非献血者的复杂网络是男性献血者的1.77倍,是女性献血者的2.03倍。结论献血可能通过降低慢性病住院风险而改善老年人的健康结果,提示随年龄增长献血可能带来健康益处。

关键词: 献血, 健康的影响, 人口老龄化, 住院治疗风险, 共病, 电子健康记录

Abstract: Objective The long-term effects of blood donation on health, especially concerning chronic diseases with delayed onset, are not well-studied. The Objective of this study was to investigate the health impacts of blood donation among elderly Chinese donors versus non-donors over an extensive follow-up period. Methods In January 2012, a cohort of adults with matched demographics (birth year, sex, residence) was selected from electronic health records in Shaanxi, China, including equal numbers of blood donors and non-donors. The cohort was followed up until December 31, 2018. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for chronic disease hospitalizations. Multimorbidity network analysis was employed to assess hospitalization patterns. Results A total of 175 715 blood donors and an equivalent number of non-donors contributed to 1 246 130 person-years of follow-up, with a mean age of 50.0±4.4 years. Participants over 45-year-old with more than four and five donations had lower cancer hospitalization rates (adjusted HR 0.894 and 0.872, P<0.001). Those over 50-yaer-old showed lower cancer (adjusted HR 0.783 and 0.748, P<0.001) and respiratory disease rates (adjusted HR 0.883 and 0.845, P<0.001). Donors over 55-yaer-old with more than four and five donations had reduced disease risks (adjusted HR 0.915 and 0.890, P<0.001). Multimorbidity networks showed non-donors had 1.77 times more complex networks than male donors and 2.03 times more complex than female donors. Conclusion Blood donation may lead to better health outcomes in the elderly by reducing hospitalization risks for chronic diseases, suggesting potential health benefits of blood donation with age.

Key words: Blood donation, Health effects, Ageing population, Hospitalisation risk, Multi-morbidity, Electronic health records

中图分类号:

R457
R195.4

苏舒, 谷孝云, 张磊, 马婷, 宋奥微, 牛佳萌, 武文杰, 谢昕昕, 王文华, 王李秦, 程谦克, 虢玲侠, 杨江存, 孙杨. 献血对人体健康的长期效应—基于45岁、50岁和55岁人群的队列研究^*[J]. 临床输血与检验, 2025, 27(4): 499-508.

SU Shu, GU Xiaoyun, ZHANG Lei, MA Ting, SONG Aowei, NIU Jiameng, WU Wenjie, XIE Xinxin, WANG Wenhua, WANG Liqin, CHENG Qianke, GUO Lingxia, YANG Jiangcun, SUN Yang. Observation of Long-term Health Impacts of Blood Donation from 45, 50, and 55 Aged Blood Donors: a Population-based Matched Cohort Study[J]. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL TRANSFUSION AND LABORATORY MEDICINE, 2025, 27(4): 499-508.

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献血对人体健康的长期效应—基于45岁、50岁和55岁人群的队列研究^*

Observation of Long-term Health Impacts of Blood Donation from 45, 50, and 55 Aged Blood Donors: a Population-based Matched Cohort Study

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