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JOURNAL OF CLINICAL TRANSFUSION AND LABORATORY MEDICINE ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 761-766.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2587.2025.06.003

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Big Data Analysis of the Domestic Distribution of RhD, C, c, E, e Antigens in the Chinese Population

HU Junhua1, XIONG Haiyu2, LIU Zhiwei3, SHAO Shujun4, TIAN Ying5, ZHANG Bailing6, WANG Dafang7, YU Zebo8, WU Changsong9, WANG Xinhua10, JIA Junhui10, XIN Wenlong11, HU Hailiang12, GAO Xiaowen13, LI Jun14, CHEN Jing15, ZHU Peiyuan16, LIU Zhiyong17, LIU Juan18, MA Shuxuan19, CHEN Shanchang20, YAN Xiaoping21, SHAO Zhili22, ZHANG Xiaoping23, NI Wenxu24, MA Haimei25, CHEN Linfeng26, HUANG Yuanshuai27, HUO Caihong28, WANG Yan29, SHANG Nan30, YANG Ge31, ZHANG Peng1, MA Wanru1, LIU Yanming1, GONG Jiwu1, ZHAO Tongmao32   

  1. 1Department of Blood Transfusion, Beijing Hospital, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730;
    2Department of Blood Transfusion, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410013;
    3Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310020;
    4Department of Blood Transfusion, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008;
    5Department of Blood Transfusion, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan 528308;
    6Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006;
    7Department of Blood Transfusion, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628017;
    8Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016;
    9Department of Blood Transfusion, The People's Hospital of Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Qiannan 558000;
    10Department of Blood Transfusion, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049;
    11Department of Blood Transfusion, Guiyang Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital (Guiyang Children's Hospital), Guiyang 550003;
    12Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022;
    13Department of Blood Transfusion, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong 723000;
    14Department of Blood Transfusion, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 401147;
    15Department of Blood Transfusion, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051;
    16Department of Blood Transfusion, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000;
    17Department of Blood Transfusion, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua 617067;
    18Department of Blood Transfusion, Dazhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Dazhou 635000;
    19Department of Blood Transfusion, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100032;
    20Department of Blood Transfusion, The People's Hospital of Hezhou City, Hezhou 542899;
    21Department of Blood Transfusion, Zigong Third People's Hospital, Zigong 643020;
    22Department of Blood Transfusion, Hebei Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050031;
    23Department of Blood Transfusion, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 734047;
    24Department of Transfusion Medicine, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan 430012;
    25Department of Blood Transfusion, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218;
    26Department of Blood Transfusion, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038;
    27Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000;
    28Department of Blood Transfusion, Yulin Hospital the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yulin 719000;
    29Department of Blood Transfusion, Yingkou Central Hospital, Yingkou 115000;
    30Department of Blood Transfusion, Kaifeng Children's Hospital, Kaifeng 475000;
    31Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zigong Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zigong 643000;
    32National Institutes of Health , Bethesda 20892 USA
  • Received:2025-09-05 Published:2025-12-24

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Abstract: Objective To understand the distribution of RhD, C, c, E and e antigens among Chinese people in China, and to explore the genetic relationships of Rh blood type distribution across different regions and ethnic groups. Methods Data on the distribution of RhD, C, c, E, and e antigens from 1 048 519 Chinese individuals across 34 provinces, municipalities directly under the Central Government, and autonomous regions were collected for population genetic analysis. The maximum likelihood method was used to calculate the Rh gene frequency and haplotype frequency. The reliability of the data was evaluated by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium fit test. Results The distribution of Rh blood type in 34 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions and 16 ethnic groups in China was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The allele frequencies of RHD and RHCE, as well as the Rh haplotype frequencies, were associated with the subjects' place of origin. Among northerners and southerners, the RhD-positive rates were 99.55% and 99.61% respectively, and the RhD-negative rates were 0.45% and 0.39% respectively. The frequencies of DCe haplotype with Asian characteristics were 0.625 9 and 0.683 5, and the frequencies of the RHCE*Ce allele were 0.641 6 and 0.701 4, respectively. Conclusion The data analyzed in this report were collected nationwide using uniform standards, with over one million subjects examined. The derived data obtained through analysis can be used as control data for various regions in China and used in disease association studies, anthropological studies, and transfusion medicine research.

Key words: Rh blood group, Haplotype frequency, Gene frequency, Population genetics, Blood transfusion

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