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临床输血与检验

临床输血与检验 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (5): 613-620.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2587.2025.05.005

• 循证医学 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国无偿献血人群人类巨细胞病毒感染标志物流行率的Meta分析

郭巍, 张婷, 王蕊, 刘丽, 冯丽梅, 肖艳, 张宏飞, 于洋   

  1. 解放军总医院第一医学中心输血医学科,北京 100853
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-01 修回日期:2025-09-10 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2025-10-11
  • 通讯作者: 于洋,主要从事临床输血方面研究,（E-mail）yuyangpla301@163.com。
  • 作者简介:郭巍,主要从事血液筛查方面研究,（E-mail）626673531@qq.com。

Prevalence of CMV Infection Markers in Chinese Voluntary Blood Donors：a Meta-analysis

GUO Wei, ZHANG Ting, WANG Rui, LIU Li, FENG Limei, XIAO Yan, ZHANG Hongfei, YU Yang   

  1. Department of Transfusion Medicine, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853
  • Received:2025-09-01 Revised:2025-09-10 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2025-10-11

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摘要： 目的 系统评估我国各地无偿献血人群中人类巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染标志物的流行率,为无偿献血人群的CMV筛查必要性及制定筛查策略提供数据基础。方法 检索中国知网,万方医学,维普,CBM,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Medline共8个数据库中从建库至2024年3月发表的相关文献,根据纳入排除标准筛选文献,采用StataMP 17.0软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入32篇文献,累计检测中国无偿献血人群抗-CMV-IgG抗体（CMV-IgG）、抗-CMV-IgM抗体（CMV-IgM）和CMV-DNA的样本量分别为30 388例、27 273例、12 934例;CMV-IgG、CMV-IgM、CMV-DNA和抗-CMV-（IgG+IgM）抗体[CMV-（IgG+IgM）]的合并流行率分别为88%[95%置信区间（CI）（81%,94%）]、3%[95%CI（2%,5%）]、6%[95%CI（3%,9%）]和1%[95%CI（1%,2%）]。分层分析：中国南方地区无偿献血人群CMV-IgG、CMV-IgM和CMV-DNA的合并流行率分别为91%[95%CI（84%,96%）]、4%[95%CI（2%,7%）]和3%[95%CI（1%,6%）];北方地区上述指标的合并流行率分别为83%[95%CI（72%,94%）]、2%[95%CI（1%,3%）]和4%[95%CI（1%,10%）];酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）检测的CMV-IgG和CMV-IgM的合并流行率分别为85%[95%CI（69%,96%）]和3%[95%CI（2%,5%）],其他方法检测上述指标的合并流行率分别为88%[95%CI（87%,89%）]和3%[95%CI（2%,4%）]。结论 我国无偿献血人群CMV感染率较高,且存在显著的地域差异,为了避免输血传播性巨细胞病毒感染（transfusion-transmitted CMV, TT-CMV）的发生,应该加强对CMV筛查的重视。

关键词: 无偿献血, 巨细胞病毒, Meta分析, 输血安全, 流行率, IgM, IgG, DNA

Abstract: Objective To analyze the prevalence of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection markers among voluntary blood donors in China and to provide a basis for evaluating the necessity of CMV screening and formulating relevant strategies. Methods A systematic search was conducted in eight databases including CNKI, Wanfang Medical, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Medline from inception to March 2024. Literature meeting the inclusion criteria was selected, and meta-analysis was performed using StataMP 17.0 software. Results Thirty-two studies were included, with sample sizes of 30 388 for CMV-IgG, 27 273 for CMV-IgM, and 12 934 for CMV-DNA. The pooled prevalence rates of CMV-IgG, CMV-IgM, CMV-DNA, and CMV-(IgG+IgM) were 88% [95%CI (81%, 94%)], 3% [95%CI (2%, 5%)], 6% [95%CI (3%, 9%)], and 1% [95%CI (1%, 2%)], respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that in southern China, the pooled prevalence rates of CMV-IgG, CMV-IgM, and CMV-DNA were 91% [95%CI (84%, 96%)], 4% [95%CI (2%, 7%)], and 3% [95%CI (1%, 6%)], respectively; in northern China, they were 83% [95%CI (72%, 94%)], 2% [95%CI (1%, 3%)], and 4% [95%CI (1%, 10%)], respectively. The pooled prevalence rates of CMV-IgG and CMV-IgM detected by ELISA were 85% [95%CI (69%, 96%)] and 3% [95%CI (2%, 5%)], respectively, while those detected by other methods were 88% [95%CI (87%, 89%)] and 3% [95%CI (2%, 4%)], respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of CMV infection is high among voluntary blood donors in China, with notable regional variations. Strengthening CMV screening is essential to prevent TT-CMV.

Key words: Voluntary blood donation, Cytomegalovirus, Meta-analysis, Transfusion safety, Prevalence, IgM, IgG, DNA

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