胎儿/新生儿同种免疫性血小板减少症研究进展*

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-2587.2025.06.022

临床输血与检验 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 882-888.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2587.2025.06.022

• 综述 • 上一篇

胎儿/新生儿同种免疫性血小板减少症研究进展^*

谢文举, 付子可, 王秋实

中国医科大学附属盛京医院,辽宁沈阳 110004

收稿日期:2025-02-08 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2025-12-24
通讯作者: 王秋实,主要从事母胎免疫、红细胞免疫研究,E-mail：wangqs1@sj-hospital.org;qswang@cmu.edu.cn。
作者简介:谢文举,主要从事临床输血研究,E-mail：18940252900@163.com。
基金资助:
^*本研究受辽宁省科技厅重点研发计划课题（No.2021JH2-10300045）资助

Progress in Fetal and Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia

XIE Wenju, FU Zike, WANG Qiushi

Department of Blood Transfusion, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical Uninversity, Shenyang 110003

Received:2025-02-08 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2025-12-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 胎儿/新生儿同种免疫性血小板减少症（fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, FNAIT）是指母亲体内血小板抗原特异性IgG抗体通过胎盘引起胎儿血小板免疫性破坏增多,导致胎儿和/或新生儿血小板减少,并出现紫癜,瘀斑,甚至颅内出血、胎死宫内等不良妊娠结局。白种人引起FNAIT的主要抗体为HPA1a抗体,黄种人则包括抗HPA3a,抗HPA15,抗CD36等抗体。部分抗体不仅破坏血小板,对胎盘滋养层细胞也有破坏,导致高比例严重的不良妊娠结局。本文就FNAIT的流行病、发病机理、临床表现、预防和治疗进行综述。

关键词: 胎儿/新生儿同种免疫性血小板减少症, 血小板抗原, 血小板减少, 颅内出血

Abstract: Fetal and Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a condition characterized by the immune-mediated destruction of fetal platelets, which occurs when IgG-specific antibodies from the mother cross the placenta. This process leads to thrombocytopenia in the fetus and/or neonate, giving rise to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as purpura, bruising, intracranial hemorrhage, and even intrauterine fetal death. In Caucasians, the primary antibody responsible for FNAIT is HPA1a antibody, whereas in Asian populations, antibodies such as anti-HPA3a, anti-HPA15, and anti-CD36 may also play a role. Notably, some of these antibodies not only target platelets but also impair placental trophoblast cells, thereby increasing the risk of severe adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review aims to summarize the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, prevention strategies, and treatment options for FNAIT.

Key words: Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, Thrombocytopenia, Human platelet alloantigen, Intracranial hemorrhage

中图分类号:

R722.1

谢文举, 付子可, 王秋实. 胎儿/新生儿同种免疫性血小板减少症研究进展^*[J]. 临床输血与检验, 2025, 27(6): 882-888.

XIE Wenju, FU Zike, WANG Qiushi. Progress in Fetal and Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia[J]. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL TRANSFUSION AND LABORATORY MEDICINE, 2025, 27(6): 882-888.

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胎儿/新生儿同种免疫性血小板减少症研究进展^*

Progress in Fetal and Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia

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