免疫性血小板减少症患者中血小板抗体检测的研究进展*

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-2587.2026.02.020

临床输血与检验 ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 273-279.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2587.2026.02.020

免疫性血小板减少症患者中血小板抗体检测的研究进展^*

刘艺, 魏婷, 李庆山

暨南大学附属广州红十字会医院血液科,广东广州 510220

收稿日期:2025-11-22 接受日期:2025-12-30 出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-04-22
通讯作者: 李庆山,主要从事血液疾病诊治及造血干细胞移植治疗肿瘤及非肿瘤血液系统疾病方面研究,（E-mail）drligingshang@126.com。
作者简介:刘艺,主要从事血液系统淋巴瘤方面研究,（E-mail）1983687357@qq.com。
基金资助:
^*本课题受广东省自然科学基金（No.2022A1515012652）、广州市科技计划项目（No.2023A03J0530、2024A03J0671）资助

Research Progress on Platelet Antibody Detection in Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia

LIU Yi, WEI Ting, LI Qingshan

Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220

Received:2025-11-22 Accepted:2025-12-30 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-04-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 免疫性血小板减少症（immune thrombocytopenia, ITP）为一类以外周血血小板减少并伴出血倾向为特征的获得性自身免疫性疾病,病理机制主要包括抗血小板自身抗体介导的血小板破坏与巨核细胞功能抑制,近期研究还提示血小板脱唾液酸化在抗体介导的清除中占重要作用。血小板抗体检测作为病理学证据,在ITP的辅助诊断、鉴别诊断、疾病活动性评估、疗效监测及输血/妊娠管理中发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文系统综述了常用检测方法（MAIPA、ELISA、流式细胞术、免疫微球法等）的原理与性能比较,讨论了抗体谱与临床表型及疗效的关联、血小板脱唾液酸化的新进展,为后续ITP的诊断和治疗研究提供理论基础和研究方向。

关键词: 免疫性血小板减少症, 血小板抗体, 单克隆抗体特异性固定血小板抗原法, 流式细胞术, 酶联免疫吸附法, 脱唾液酸化

Abstract: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disorder characterized by peripheral thrombocytopenia and a bleeding tendency. Its pathogenesis is mainly attributed to autoantibody-mediated platelet destruction and suppression of megakaryocyte function. Recent studies have further highlighted the contribution of platelet desialylation to antibody-mediated platelet clearance. As an important pathological indicator, platelet antibody testing plays an increasingly critical role in the auxiliary diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ITP, as well as in evaluating disease activity, monitoring treatment response, and guiding transfusion or pregnancy management. This review systematically reviews the principles and analytical performance of commonly used platelet antibody detection methods, including the monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA) assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry, and bead-based immunoassays. We also discuss the clinical relevance of platelet antibody profiles in relation to disease phenotype and therapeutic outcomes, together with recent advances in the understanding of platelet desialylation. These findings provide a foundation for further research and may contribute to improving diagnostic strategies and clinical management in ITP.

Key words: Immune thrombocytopenia, Platelet antibodies, MAIPA, Flow cytometry, ELISA, Desialylation

中图分类号:

R558+.2

刘艺, 魏婷, 李庆山. 免疫性血小板减少症患者中血小板抗体检测的研究进展^*[J]. 临床输血与检验, 2026, 28(2): 273-279.

LIU Yi, WEI Ting, LI Qingshan. Research Progress on Platelet Antibody Detection in Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia[J]. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL TRANSFUSION AND LABORATORY MEDICINE, 2026, 28(2): 273-279.

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免疫性血小板减少症患者中血小板抗体检测的研究进展^*

Research Progress on Platelet Antibody Detection in Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia

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