Abstract: Objective To investigate the distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups in the Kirgiz population of Xinjiang region and explore the nationality-featured ABO and Rh phenotypes. Methods A total of 3 440 blood samples of ABO and Rh blood groups were identified in the patients. The value of expectation of ABO and Rh types, genome chimerism frequency and antigen frequency were calculated. The values of survey and expectations were compared for percent of contact area of Hardy-Weinberg. Results The distribution of ABO blood group was B>O>A>AB, and the frequency of AB blood type was the lowest (9.19%) while frequencies of A, B, and O types were 0.192 2, 0.240 7, and 0.567 1, respectively,which coincide with the law of genetic equilibrium. The negative rate of Rh type was 2.18%. No phenotype of CCdE was found but various Rh types were seen, including DCcEE（0.70%）, ccdee（0.78%）, ccdEe（0.23%）, Ccdee（0.12%）, CcdEe（0.03%）, and CCdee（0.03%）. Conclusion The Kirgiz nationality in Xinjiang has characteristic genetic frequency of Rh blood group,and has a different distribution of ABO blood group when compared with the Kirgiz population who have migrated to Heilongjiang, the northeast of China.

Key words: Kirgiz nationality, Blood groups, Genetic polymorphism, Gene frequency, Transfusion