Abstract: Objective To analyze the practical value of the recombinant human thrombopoietin（rhTPO） in the treatment of thrombocytopenia induced by blood tumor chemotherapy. Methods One hundred and ten patients with thrombocytopenia induced by blood cancer treatment were randomly divided into two groups,with 55 cases in each. The patients of control group received only IL-11 treatment and those of observation group were given rhTPO. Platelet count（PLT） and inflammatory cytokines were detected. Results All patients showed a primary PLT decrease followed by an increase before and after treatments,while IL-4 and IL-8 levels were elevated early and reduced gradually（P<0.05）. The PLT level was found to be increased but IL-4 and IL-8 decreased in observation group after 7 and 14 days of treatments（P<0.05）. As a result,the total effective rate of the observation group was notably higher than those of the control after 14 days of treatments（P<0.05）. However,no difference of the adverse reactions was seen between the two groups（P>0.05）. Conclusion Compared with IL-11,rhTPO is more effective for the treatment of thrombocytopenia caused by leukemia chemotherapy.

Key words: Recombinant thrombopoietin, Leukemia, Thrombocytopenia chemotherapy, Inflammatory cytokine