• 中国科学论文统计源期刊
  • 中国科技核心期刊
  • 美国化学文摘(CA)来源期刊
  • 日本科学技术振兴机构数据库(JST)

临床输血与检验 ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 227-230.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2587.2026.02.012

• 调查研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

血液筛查中乙型肝炎病毒核酸反应性标本多系统核酸检测结果比较与分析

马丽敏, 高智俊, 唐晴钧, 李建钧, 蔡茵, 周国平, 郑岚, 王迅   

  1. 上海市血液中心,上海 200051
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-16 接受日期:2025-09-09 出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-04-22
  • 通讯作者: 王迅,主要从事输血传染病相关研究,(E-mail)wangxun@sbc.org.cn。
  • 作者简介:马丽敏,主管技师,主要从事血液检测工作,(E-mail)maliminxfr@163.com。

Comparative Analysis of Multi-system Nucleic Acid-amplification Testing for Hepatitis B Virus Nucleic Acid Reactive Specimens in Blood Screening

MA Limin, GAO Zhijun, TANG Qingjun, LI Jianjun, CAI Yin, ZHOU Guoping, ZHENG Lan, WANG Xun   

  1. Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai 200051
  • Received:2025-07-16 Accepted:2025-09-09 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-04-22

摘要: 目的 评估三种核酸检测系统在血液筛查中对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)检测反应性结果的一致性及其影响因素。方法 对本中心241 527份酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测阴性无偿献血标本进行核酸检测(NAT),留取其中125份核酸反应性标本进行三系统交叉检测,并行核心抗体(抗-HBc)检测。通过单系统反应性检出率、多系统交叉检测反应性检出率、Cohen's Kappa一致性分析及抗-HBc检出情况进行分析,探讨三种核酸检测系统对于HBV的检出差异。结果 常规检测中反应性标本在系统A、系统B、系统C中交叉检测,反应性标本总检出率分别为96.78%、48.24%、44.44%。系统间Kappa值为0.58~0.65,中等至高度一致性,其中系统B鉴别反应性标本在系统A的检出率高于系统C。抗-HBc检测阳性率为73.6%(92/125),在一过性核酸反应性标本中,抗-HBc阳性率达58%。结论 核酸检测技术可有效降低HBV输血传播风险,但没有任何一种核酸试剂可以完全规避感染风险,特别是在一过性核酸反应性标本筛查方面,结合多系统核酸检测和抗-HBc结果,可降低输血感染风险。

关键词: 乙型肝炎病毒, 核酸检测, 输血安全

Abstract: Objective To evaluate the consistency of results among three hepatitis B virus (HBV) nucleic acid-amplification testing (NAT) for blood donor screening and identify the influencing factors. Methods A total of 241 527 voluntary blood donation specimens negative for HBV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were subjected to NAT. One hundred and twenty-five NAT-reactive specimens were selected for retesting using the three NAT systems, and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) detection was performed. The reactive detection rate of each system, cross-reactive detection rate across multiple systems, Cohen's Kappa coefficient analysis, and anti-HBc results were analyzed to evaluate differences in HBV detection. Results The reactive detection rates of systems A, B, and C were 96.78%, 48.24%, and 44.44% respectively. The Kappa coefficients ranged from 0.58 to 0.65, indicating moderate to substantial consistency. Among specimens reactive to system A, the reactive detection rate in system B was higher than that in system C. The positive rate of anti-HBc detection was 73.6% (92/125). Among transient NAT-reactive specimens, the positive rate of anti-HBc was 58%. Conclusion NAT can effectively reduce the risk of HBV transmission via blood transfusion, but no single NAT can completely eliminate this infection risk. Particularly in the screening of transient NAT-reactive specimens, combining multi-system NAT with anti-HBc testing can further reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted HBV infection.

Key words: Hepatitis B virus, Nucleic acid testing, Transfusion safety

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