• 中国科学论文统计源期刊
  • 中国科技核心期刊
  • 美国化学文摘(CA)来源期刊
  • 日本科学技术振兴机构数据库(JST)

临床输血与检验 ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 620-627.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2587.2026.04.024

• 调查研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国人群常见混合抗体及其配合型血液频率的探讨*

张玉宇, 龚国琴, 刘曦, 沈伟, 孙娟, 谢军华, 向东   

  1. 上海市血液中心,上海 200051
  • 收稿日期:2026-07-08 出版日期:2026-08-20 发布日期:2026-08-26
  • 通讯作者: 向东,主要从事免疫血液学方面研究,(E-mail)xiangdong@sbc.org.cn。
  • 作者简介:张玉宇,主要从事免疫血液学方面研究,(E-mail)zhangyuyu@sbc.org.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    *本课题受中国输血协会圣湘输血医学发展基金项目(No.CSBT-SX-2024-06)资助

Spectrum of Mixed Antibodies and Compatible Blood Accessibility in the Chinese Population

ZHANG Yuyu, GONG Guoqin, LIU Xi, SHEN Wei, SUN Juan, XIE Junhua, XIANG Dong   

  1. Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai 200051
  • Received:2026-07-08 Online:2026-08-20 Published:2026-08-26

摘要: 目的 分析中国人群混合抗体的组成格局与频率分布,评估相容性输血难度,为多重抗体患者的输血策略提供建议。方法 统计并分析来自本实验室及已发表文献中不规则抗体阳性数据,梳理混合抗体特异性组合;检索各地区血型抗原频率数据,以加权法合并,计算抗体对应相容表型的预期概率,并设定≤1/50、≤1/200双阈值,进行配血难度分级分析。结果 共纳入不规则抗体阳性病例20 069例,其中混合抗体92组(677例,3.37%)。混合抗体以RhCE系统抗体联合其他抗体最为常见。预期筛血概率为1/50~1/200的组合共7组(69例,占混合抗体10.2%);<1/200的7组(18例,2.7%)。概率<1/200时仅靠常规库存难以保障,需依赖稀有血型库或冰冻红细胞储备。结论 中国人群混合抗体以RhCE抗体为核心,联合多种抗体构成复杂谱系。建议对多重抗体患者尽早启动稀有供者检索,稀有血型库建设时考虑加做RhCE分型。

关键词: 混合抗体, 不规则抗体, 稀有血型, 相容性输注, 配血难度

Abstract: Objective To analyze the composition and frequency distribution of mixed antibodies in the Chinese population, evaluate the feasibility of screening compatible donors for each mixed antibody combination, and propose recommendations for transfusion strategies in patients with multiple alloantibodies. Methods Data from irregular antibody-positive cases identified in our laboratory and reported in domestic literature were collected and analyzed to determine the specificity combination spectrum of mixed antibodies. Antigen frequency data of blood group systems from various regions in China were systematically retrieved and pooled using a weighted method. The expected probability of finding compatible phenotypes for each mixed antibody combination was then calculated. Two thresholds (≤1/50 and≤1/200) were set to grade the difficulty of blood matching. Results A total of 20 069 irregular antibody-positive cases were included, among which 92 distinct mixed antibody combinations were identified (677 cases, 3.37%). Mixed antibodies were predominantly composed of RhCE system antibodies combined with antibodies from other systems. Seven combinations (69 cases, 10.2% of mixed antibodies) yielded expected compatibility probabilities between 1/50 and 1/200, while another seven combinations (18 cases, 2.7%) showed probabilities<1/200. Combinations with probabilities<1/200 were difficult to secure with routine inventory alone and required reliance on rare donor repositories or frozen red blood cell reserves. Conclusion Mixed antibodies in the Chinese population exhibit a complex spectrum with RhCE antibodies as the core component coexisting with multiple antibodies from other systems. Early referral to rare donor programs is recommended for patients with multiple alloantibodies. RhCE typing could be considered as an adjunct test when constructing rare blood type repositories.

Key words: Mixed antibodies, Irregular antibodies, Rare blood types, Compatible transfusion, Cross-matching difficulty

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