2011—2025年南充地区无偿献全血者直接抗人球蛋白试验阳性结果调查分析*

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-2587.2026.04.020

临床输血与检验 ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 596-600.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2587.2026.04.020

2011—2025年南充地区无偿献全血者直接抗人球蛋白试验阳性结果调查分析^*

杨松¹, 左亚平², 黄文岳³, 胡红梅¹, 熊依军⁴, 骆展鹏⁵

¹南充市红十字中心血站输血研究室,四川南充 637000;
²南充市红十字中心血站检验科,四川南充 637000;
³南充市红十字中心血站质管科,四川南充 637000;
⁴南充市红十字中心血站业务科,四川南充 637000;
⁵重庆市血液中心输血研究所,重庆 400052

收稿日期:2026-07-06 出版日期:2026-08-20 发布日期:2026-08-26
通讯作者: 骆展鹏,主要从事输血医学与血液质量管理方面的研究,（E-mail）19741644@qq.com。
作者简介:杨松,主要从事血型血清学研究,（E-mail）46159390@qq.com。
基金资助:
^*本课题受重庆市科卫联合医学科研项目面上项目（No.2026MSXM067）资助

Investigation and Analysis of Positive Results in Direct Antiglobulin Test among Voluntary Whole Blood Donors in Nanchong Area

YANG Song¹, ZUO Yaping², HUANG Wenyue³, HU Hongmei¹, XIONG Yijun⁴, LUO Zhanpeng⁵

¹Department of Blood Transfusion Research Laboratory, Nanchong Red Cross Central Blood Station, Nanchong Sichuan, 637000;
²Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanchong Red Cross Central Blood Station, Nanchong Sichuan, 637000;
³Department of Quality Management , Nanchong Red Cross Central Blood Station, Nanchong Sichuan, 637000;
⁴Department of Business, Nanchong Red Cross Central Blood Station, Nanchong Sichuan, 637000;
⁵Department of Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chongqing Blood Center, Chongqing 400052

Received:2026-07-06 Online:2026-08-20 Published:2026-08-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析2011—2025年南充地区无偿献全血者中直接抗人球蛋白试验（DAT）阳性率、人群分布、不规则抗体特征及献血次数,为本地区无偿献血者健康管理与输血安全提供依据。方法回顾性分析2011年1月1日—2025年12月31日南充地区DAT阳性无偿献全血者资料,统计DAT阳性发生率,比较不同性别、年龄组的阳性率差异,分析不规则抗体种类,凝集强度和献血次数。结果 15年间累计献全血316 443人,DAT阳性395例（0.125%）,阳性者平均年龄41岁。女性阳性率（0.182%）显著高于男性（0.074%）（P<0.001）,其中女性40~49岁组阳性率最高（0.374%）（P<0.001）。DAT阳性者不规则抗体检出率为7.087%,以自身抗体为主（16例）,性别间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。凝集强度以2+（42.391%）和1+（29.348%）为主,仅3例女性为4+。初次献血者占比最大（45.316%）,且随着献血次数增加,DAT阳性检出率下降。结论南充地区无偿献全血者DAT阳性率较低,40~49岁女性人群组高于其他组别。DAT阳性多数为弱至中等强度凝集。DAT阳性者不规则抗体检出率高于一般献血人群。DAT阳性者以初次献血者最为常见。建议加强该人群DAT阳性筛查和随访,保障献血者健康及临床用血安全。

关键词: 无偿献血者, 直接抗人球蛋白试验, 不规则抗体

Abstract: Objective To analyze the direct antiglobulin test (DAT) positive rate, demographic distribution, characteristics of irregular antibodies, and donation frequency among voluntary whole blood donors in Nanchong City from 2011 to 2025, providing a basis for donor health management and transfusion safety. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on DAT-positive voluntary whole blood donors in Nanchong City from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2025. The DAT positive rate was calculated, differences between gender and age groups were compared, The types of irregular antibodies, agglutination intensity, and donation frequency were analyzed. Results Among 316 443 whole blood donations over 15 years, 395 were DAT positive (0.125%). The positive rate in females (0.182%) was significantly higher than that in males (0.074%) (P<0.001), with the highest rate observed in females aged 40~49 (0.374%) (P<0.001). The detection rate of irregular antibodies among DAT-positive donorls was 7.087%, predominantly autoantibodies (16 cases), with no significant difference between genders (P>0.05). Agglutination intensity was mainly 2+ (42.391%) and 1+ (29.348%), with only 3 female cases showing 4+ intensity. Among DAT positive individuals, first-time donors accounted for the largest proportion (45.316%), and the positive rate decreased with increasing donation frequency. Conclusion The DAT positive rate among voluntary whole blood donors in Nanchong area is relatively low, with higher rates in 40~49 years female group. Most DAT positive cases exhibit weak to moderate agglutination intensity. The detection rate of irregular antibodies in DAT positive individuals is higher than that in the general blood donor population. DAT positive status is most common among first-time blood donors. Enhanced screening and follow-up for DAT positivity in this population are recommended to safeguard donor health and clinical blood transfusion safety.

Key words: Voluntary blood donors, Direct antiglobulin test, Irregular antibodies

中图分类号:

R457.1

杨松, 左亚平, 黄文岳, 胡红梅, 熊依军, 骆展鹏. 2011—2025年南充地区无偿献全血者直接抗人球蛋白试验阳性结果调查分析^*[J]. 临床输血与检验, 2026, 28(4): 596-600.

YANG Song, ZUO Yaping, HUANG Wenyue, HU Hongmei, XIONG Yijun, LUO Zhanpeng. Investigation and Analysis of Positive Results in Direct Antiglobulin Test among Voluntary Whole Blood Donors in Nanchong Area[J]. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL TRANSFUSION AND LABORATORY MEDICINE, 2026, 28(4): 596-600.

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2011—2025年南充地区无偿献全血者直接抗人球蛋白试验阳性结果调查分析^*

Investigation and Analysis of Positive Results in Direct Antiglobulin Test among Voluntary Whole Blood Donors in Nanchong Area

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