Objective Marvelous advancements have been made in cancer therapies to improve clinical outcomes over last few years. However, therapeutic resistance has always been a major difficulty in cancer therapy, with extremely complicated mechanisms remain elusive. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification, a hotspot in epigenetics, has gained growing attention as a potential determinant of therapeutic resistance. As the most prevalent RNA modification, m6A is involved in every links of RNA metabolism, including RNA splicing, nuclear export, translation and stability. Three kinds of regulators, methyltransferase (writer), demethylase (eraser) and RNA binding proteins (reader), together orchestrate the dynamic and reversible process of m6A modification. Herein, we primarily reviewed the regulatory mechanisms of m6A in therapeutic resistance, including chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Then we discussed the clinical potential of m6A modification to overcome resistance and optimize cancer therapy. Additionally, we proposed prospects of m6A modification for future research.

Preoperative Advanced Autologous Apheresis (AAA) is a new type of preoperative autologous blood donation. In recent years, this technology has been introduced in many hospitals across the country. However, there has yet to be a consensus or technical standard for its implementation process and quality control. To address this, the Chinese Blood Transfusion Association Clinical Transfusion Management Committee organized experts from related fields nationwide to extensively and deeply discuss the technical principles, entry requirements, indications, contraindications, operational key points, adverse reaction prevention and treatment, and blood quality evaluation and disposition of preoperative Advanced Autologous Apheresis, and jointly formulated this consensus. The aim is to better manage autologous blood for patients and to provide a basis for medical staff to implement preoperative Advanced Autologous Apheresis more safely and standardized.

Platelets play a crucial role in a variety of physiologic and pathologic processes, especially in hemostasis and wound healing. In recent years platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich fibrin, platelet-lysate and other platelet-derived products have become a promising treatment in regenerative medicine and have been widely applied clinically. By release a variety of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines, platelet-derived products induce cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and chemotaxis, stimulating mitosis in multiple cell types and neovascularization, increasing endothelial cell response to pro-angiogenic factors, and promoting fibroblast migration and proliferation. This article reviews the classification and origin of platelet-derived products, biological characteristics of the main growth factors, and their therapeutic effects in promoting the healing of various wounds, then, also analyzed the possible issues and the future development possibilities.

Cellular immunotherapies, new complementary therapies for tumor patients, are aimed at malignant tumors with low ability of autoimmune cells, including T cell-based chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) therapy, NK cell-based chimeric antigen receptor NK cell (CAR-NK) therapy, and autologous cell immunotherapy (CIK), as well as infusion therapies based on other immune cells such as mononuclear phagocytes like dendritic cells and macrophages. Among them, nature killer cells (NK cells), important to the body's natural immunity, matter greatly in anti-tumor, antiviral infection and immune regulation. Like T cells, it can be engineered to target tumor treatment, and can also be transfused with allogeneic NK cells, making up for the shortcomings of limited T cell source and allogeneic immune rejection. No evidence shows that patients tansfused with allogeneic NK cells may develop severe Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD). NK cells not only expand the types of cells used in cellular immunotherapy, but also provide a broad application prospect for the formation of low-cost cellular immunotherapy products. However, there are still problems such as unstable quality of NK cells and lack of unified quality standards in the preparation process. Although some NK cell immunotherapy products have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), there is still no clear and publicly available standardized production system for NK cell immunotherapy products. Starting from the unique immunomodulatory mechanism of NK cells, this paper summarizes the therapeutic strategies applied by researchers in the treatment of malignant tumors in recent years and the latest progress of preclinical studies and clinical trials, and finally focuses on the research progress of in vitro expansion methods and maintenance of active function of NK cells, indicating that NK cells promise to be a unified quality of cellular immunotherapy products.

In May 2025, the Association for the Advancement of Blood and Biotherapies (AABB) and the International Collaboration for Transfusion Medicine Guidelines (ICTMG) jointly released the updated Guidelines for Platelet Transfusion. Based on 21 Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) and 13 high-quality observational studies, the guideline adopted the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system for evidence analysis, and established the "restrictive platelet transfusion strategy" as the core, aiming to promote the standardization and homogenization of global platelet transfusion practices. The guideline has a wide scope of application, covering different populations such as adults, children, and neonates, including patients with hematological diseases, stem cell transplant recipients, perioperative patients, dengue fever patients, and those undergoing invasive procedures. It sets minimal important differences (MIDs) thresholds for three key outcomes—mortality (2%), grade 2-4 bleeding (20%), and grade 3-4 bleeding (5%)—for evidence certainty grading. In terms of key recommendations, it clarifies strong recommendations with high/moderate certainty of evidence (e.g., transfusion for patients with non-bleeding thrombocytopenia undergoing chemotherapy or allogeneic stem cell transplantation when platelet count<10×10 ⁹/L; transfusion for neonates with consumptive thrombocytopenia without severe bleeding when count<25×10 ⁹/L; no transfusion for dengue fever patients without major bleeding, etc.) and conditional recommendations with low/very low certainty of evidence (e.g., conditional non-recommendation of prophylactic transfusion for adult patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation; conditional transfusion for adult patients undergoing central venous catheterization when count<10×10 ⁹/L, etc.). Meanwhile, it elaborates on common platelet transfusion reactions and their risks, such as allergic reactions, febrile reactions, and transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). By lowering transfusion thresholds and refining risk stratification, the guideline can reduce unnecessary transfusions and related adverse reactions, and alleviate the shortage of platelet resources. In the future, it is necessary to further supplement evidence-based evidence in fields such as cardiopulmonary bypass and interventional radiology, and explore technologies like in vitro induced differentiation of platelets and universal engineered platelets to optimize transfusion practices.

Objective To analyze the effectiveness of the R-CHOP regimen in the treatment of double-expression diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DEL). Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of the DEL patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from December 2017 to December 2022. The clinical characteristics, survival and prognostic factors were analyzed, and non-DEL patients admitted in the same period were selected as the control group. Results A total of 243 DLBCL patients were collected, including 63 cases of DEL patients (25.9%). There were no differences in the clinical characteristics between DEL patients and non-DEL patients. The complete remission (CR) rate of DEL patients was significantly lower than that of non-DEL patients (P=0.033).The non-DEL and DEL groups had a progression-free (PFS) rate of 74.5% and 41.7% respectively at 3 years, with median PFS was 38.6 (95％CI:33.3~43.9)month and 30.2 (95％CI:22.3~38.2) month (P=0.003). The overall survival (OS) rate at 3 years was 80.3% in the non-DEL group and 60.4% in the DEL group, with median OS of 49.2(95％CI:44.6~53.8) month and 34.2 (95％CI:28.1~40.4) month respectively (P=0.031), the difference were statistically significant. Multivariate COX regression analysis of DEL patients showed that only the IPI score affected the PFS (HR=51.695, P=0.001) and OS (HR=6.513, P=0.001). Conclusion There is no significant difference between DEL and non-DEL patients in clinical characteristics. DEL patients undergoing first-line treatment with R-CHOP regimen have poor prognosis.

Aplastic anemia (AA) is a bone marrow hematopoietic failure disease. Blood component transfusion is necessary to treat anemia and maintain quality of life in AA patients. However, long-term blood transfusion easily leads to transfusion dependence, and the current blood supply is insufficient, and it is also increasingly difficult to meet the blood transfusion needs of AA patients. Therefore, it is particularly important to perform "patient blood management" (PBM) for AA, apply various non-transfusion methods to treat anemia, reduce the transfusion of allogeneic blood, and improve the quality of life of AA patients. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment can improve the symptoms of anemia in AA patients, reduce the need for allogeneic blood transfusion, and facilitate the blood management of AA patients. This article reviews the traditional Chinese medicine and its mechanism of action in the treatment of AA, and discusses the clinical significance of traditional Chinese medicine in the blood management of AA patients.

Red blood cell transfusion has been widely used in trauma treatment, surgery, anemia treatment, war wound emergency treatment and other aspects, but there are still problems such as shortage of blood resources, short storage period, cross-matching before transfusion, and possible transmission of pathogens through blood. Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) are a class of soluble nano-oxygen carriers prepared by chemical modification of matrix-free hemoglobin, which can replace red blood cells to transport oxygen to organs and tissues in the body. HBOCs have the characteristics of no blood group and virus transmission risk, long storage, and instant use, so they are also known as red blood cell substitutes. This paper aims to review the research progress of HBOCs, and explore their application prospects in organ preservation, cerebral ischemia, tumor treatment and other treatments in addition to the replacement of red blood cell transfusion.

In recent years, the mechanisms of platelet aging have garnered increasing attention. With advancements in detection technologies, researchers are now able to study the age stratification of platelets in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals, revealing extensive changes at both the transcriptomic and proteomic levels during the aging process. Pathophysiological studies have further elucidated the critical role of platelets in various diseases, closely associated with age-related changes in platelets. However, the specific characteristics of platelet aging and their precise role in disease development remain to be fully elucidated. Therefore, understanding the physiological characteristics and molecular mechanisms of aging platelets under normal conditions is crucial for research. This review summarizes the transcriptomic and proteomic studies on platelet aging in physiological conditions, as well as the changes in platelet turnover in related diseases, aiming to provide a reference for exploring the relationship between platelet aging and disease development.

Objective To analyze the correlation between serum endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (Endocan), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and inflammatory markers,and their predictive value for clinical outcomes in patients with peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP). Methods A total of 121 patients with PDAP (PDAP group) and 121 patients with normal peritoneal dialysis (control group) admitted to Linyi Central Hospital from February 2019 to January 2022 were selected. The serum Endocan, sIL-2R and inflammatory markers were compared between the two groups, and the correlations were analyzed by Pearson method. The PDAP patients were divided into the cure and treatment failure groups based on clinical outcomes. Baseline data were collected, and factors influencing treatment failure in PDAP patients were analyzed using multivariate Logistic regression model. The predictive value of serum Endocan and sIL-2R in treatment failure group were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results The levels of serum Endocan, sIL-2R, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and hs-CRP in the PDAP group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum Endocan, sIL-2R were positively correlated with IL-1β, IL-6 and hs-CRP in the PDAP group (P<0.05). Of 121 patients, 82 (67.77%) were cured, and 39 (32.23%) were failed treatment. The dialysis age, time from symptom onset to treatment, white blood cell (WBC) count, IL-1β, IL-6, hs-CRP, endocan and sIL-2R in the treatment failure group were higher than those in the cure group, while the serum albumin, potassium and dialysate white blood cells were lower (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that long duration from symptom onset to treatment, elevated serum endocan and sIL-2R levels were independent risk factors for treatment failure in PADP patients, and elevated serum albumin was an independent protective factor (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of serum IL-1β, IL-6, hs-CRP, endocan and sIL-2R in predicting treatment failure in PDAP patients were 0.694 (95% CI, 0.604-0.775), 0.654 (95% CI, 0.562-0.738) and 0.685 (95% CI, 0.5955-0.767), 0.779 (95% CI, 0.694~0.849) and 0.720 (95% CI, 0.631~0.797), respectively. The predictive efficacy of serum endocan and sIL-2R was higher than that of IL-1β, IL-6 and hs-CRP. The combinations of serum endocan and sIL-2R (LogP mode) predicted an AUC of 0.849 (95% CI, 0.773~0.908) for treatment failure in PDAP patients. Conclusion Elevated serum endocan and sIL-2R levels were higher risk factors for treatment failure, and combinations of the two tests can predict the clinical outcomes for PADP patients.