Objective To analyze the effect of RBC transfusion of different ABO types,and the practicability of “Recommended Program of Emergent Blood Transfusion”.Methods A retrospective study of RBC transfusions of different blood typesinpatients was performed and compared with the patients with the same blood type RBC transfusions.Results The samples included 32 cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia(AHA) with 52 transfusions and 7 cases of leukemia with 12 transfusions. No significant difference was noted among the patients with AHA who received same type suspended or washedRBCs,or O type washed RBCs.Conclusion The same type suspended RBCs may be used at emergency for patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia whereas O type washed RBCs are recommended primarily for those with leukemia. For the patients whose blood type has been identified,suspended RBCs of the same type blood may be used for transfusion.“Recommended Program of Emergent Blood Transfusion” is instructive although it remains to be improved.

Objective To understand the effect of donor granulocyte collection and transfusion in the case of non mobilization,whether it is able to support the anti infection treatment of bone marrow suppression in patients with hematological diseases undergoing chemotherapy.Methods The peripheral blood by using COM.TEC blood cell separator was used to collect neutral granulocyte of 14 donors from peripheral blood.,Donor granulocytes were infused to hematological disease patients with bone marrow suppression after chemotherapy.Thenblood cell counts and body temperature were observed after the infusion. The blood cell counter was used to count number of cells in product.Results The granulocyte count can reach 1×10¹⁰/L in the product, but it is much lower than （10.3~14.4）×10¹⁰/L after the mobilization of the colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) which is mentioned in the literature. But efficient rate of hematological disease patients with agranulocytosis reached 85.7% after infusion.Conclusion Non mobilization of donor granulocyte acquisition can support the patient's anti infection treatment.

Objective To explore the optimal centrifugation conditions for preparation of platelet-rich plasma （PRP） from different volume of whole blood.Methods Fifty-four bags of freshly collected whole blood from volunteer donors were divided into 6 groups according to centrifugal steps and centrifugal conditions,including 3 two-step （separation method A,B,and C） and three-step centrifugation groups （separation method D,E,and F）,with 3 bags of 200 ml,300 ml,and 400 ml whole blood for each group. The platelet count （PLT） and red blood cell count （RBC） of PRP in each group were determined,then PLT recovery was calculated and compared.Results Compared to three-step centrifugation groups,the PRP prepared in two-step centrifugation group had higher PLT recovery and RBC count. The highest PLT recovery in PRP from 200 ml whole blood was prepared by method A （e.g,850×g for 8 min,then 4 650×g for 6min）,300 ml whole blood by method B （e.g,1 000×g for 6 min,then 4 650×g for 6 min）,and 400ml whole blood by method C （e.g,1 220×g for 5 min,then 4 650×g for 6 min）. The RBC count of PRP in each three-step centrifugation group was decreased significantly （P<0.05）. Compared with two-step centrifugation group,the PLT recovery in three-step centrifugation group was slightly decreased.Conclusion Different centrifugation conditions should be used for preparation of PRP from different volumes of whole blood . The two-step centrifugation method is suitable for preparation of fresh PG or platelet gel,while the three-step centrifugation method is appropriate for frozen and lyophilized PRP or platelet gel.

Objective To retrospectively investigate the patients for the emergency rescue blood transfusion who presented positive antibodies and to evaluate the effect of "recommended regimens" in clinical transfusion.Methods Inform-ation of the individuals was collected in Handan area from June 2014 to May 2016, and irregular antibodies were screened and patients with positive antibodies for emergency rescue blood transfusion were evaluated for the application effect based on "recommended regimens ".Results Twenty cases of emergency rescue group and 31 cases of blood transfusion showed a total efficiency of 77.4%, following 31 times of transfusion with 126 U red blood cells (4 U on average). Eighty three cases received 137 times of transfusion after specific antibodies were identified,with a total efficiency of 86.9%. No obvious difference was seen between the two groups（χ²=1.78,P>0.05）.Conclusion It is relatively safe for the patients with positive irregular antibodies who need emergent blood transfusion to use the same blood type and negative blood cross-matching, or to use O type and negative cross-matching. The present investigation suggests that there is no difference of blood transfusion efficiency between the patients with emergent transfusion and normal transfusion.

Objective To investigate,so as to provide reference for clinical decision about chemotherapy regimens. To provide reference for clinical decision about chemotherapy regimens,we studied the curative effect of red blood cells infusion on tumor patients undergoing chemotherapy.Methods Retrospectively we analyzed red blood cells infusion of hospitalized tumor patients during chemotherapy in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 2012 to 2013.Results Tumour patient transfusion of red blood cell suspension effective rate was 77.3%（58/75）is slightly higher in Chemotherapy group than that 75.8%（141/186）in nonchemotherapy group,but there is no statistical difference（P﹥0.05）：The effective rate of transfusion of red blood cell suspension was （27.8% 22/79）significantly lower in platinum-based chemotherapy of tumor patient group than that in the nonplatinum-based chemotherapy group （41.1%,44/107）,and the difference was statistically significant （P﹥0.05）.Conclusion Chemotherapy can reduce the curative effect of red blood cells infusion,and platinum-based chemotherapy drugs also cause bone marrow inhibition reaction,which reduce the curative effect of red blood cells infusion in tumor patients.

Objective By analyzing irregular antibody screening of patients with blood transfusions,we explored its significance in blood transfusion safety and regional clinical guidance.Methods 38 722 patients with blood transfusions were studied from February 2012 to February 2016and among them positive irregular antibodies were screened and specificity was analyzed for safe and effective transfusion. Reasults 278 cases of positive irregular antibodies were found in the patients,which accounted for 0.717% （278/38 722）. Among them 83 males with a positive rate of 0.214% （83/38 722）,and 195 females with a positive rate of 0.503% （195/38 722）were observed. Female patients had a significantly high positive rate when compared with male patients（P<0.05）. The positive incidence of 0.114% （26/22 846）in the patients with history of blood transfusion and pregnancy was lower than that in control （1.587%,252/15 876）（P<0.05）.. . Among the 278 patients with irregular antibodies,128 （46.0%） patients presented specific antibodies,including 98 cases of RH （35.3%,98/278）,20 cases of MNS patients （7.2%,20/278）,and 10 cases of others（3.6%,10/278）. 150 （54%,150/278） patients had non-specific antibodies,,68 had cold antibodies （24.5%,68/278）,and 82（29.5%,82/278） carried other non-specific antibodies.Conclusion Analysis of the north central area of Guangxi province are similar with the other regions,under the normal conditions. Through the screening before blood transfusion,the patients with positive irregular antibodies should be analyzed for blood cross matchingand transfusion safety.

Objective To analyze the results of nucleic acid tests（NATs） and ELISA detections and explore the correlation of them in reducing the risk of transfusion related infections.Methods Using two kinds of ELISA reagents and ID nucleic acid detection （ID-NAT） for parallel blood screening in blood donation to detect serological markers of HBV, HCV and HIV-1 and virus nucleic acids. Samples were taken from blood bags for further identification when primary test was positive. HIV-1 RNA positive ELISA negative blood donors were followed up.Results In total of 300 250 cases, 0.96% （2 874/300 250） positive cases were detected in the center in 2015.The nucleic acid single positive rate was 0.21%（628/300 250）; the identification positive rate was 20.58% （129/628）. 127 HBVand 2 HIV cases were found and no HCV was seen. Enzyme immunoassay of HBV, HCV and HIV and nucleic acid detection results discovered 2 204 positive cases . 78%（1 829/2 333） HBV ELISA double reagent positive specimens were NAT positive, and 22%（504/2 333） were NAT negative; 66%（226/343） HCV ELISA double reagent positive specimens were NAT positive, and 34%（117/343） were NAT negative; 92 cases of HIV ELISA double reagent positive samples were all NAT positive. Six percent（57/901）ELISA single reagent positive were NAT positive, and 94%（844/901）were NAT negative. The percentage of positive nucleic acid in ELISA double reagent positive was higher than single reagent positive ELISA （P<0.05）.Conclusion NAT helps shorten "window period" of transfusion transmitted diseases and detect latent infection. Both NAT and ELISA play an important complementary role in reducing the risk of blood transfusion associated virus infection.

Objective Data of DNAs screening in 5 blood stations of southern Anhui province were analyzed from December 2015 to June 2016 so as to was evaluate the significance of blood nucleic acid screening in the donors.Methods Samples that showed seronegative results were detected and analyzed with two domestic nuclei acid screening systems （A and B）.Results A total of 39 524 samples were screened and 39 cases of positive HBV DNAs were found. Neither HCV RNAs nor HIV RNAs were noted. A significant difference of the prevalence of positive HBV DNAs was observed in 5 blood stations ( 0.58‰,1.91‰, 0.62‰, 1.65‰, and 1.35‰（χ²=12.82,P<0.05）. The two test systems gave rise to the positive rates of 0.81‰ and 1.38‰ for HVB DNAs, with a total positive rate of 0.99‰.Conclusion sCentralized screening of blood nucleic acids was effective for prevention of virus transmission and for guarantee of blood quality and safety. Laboratory contaminations must be scrupulously avoided to prevent from false positive DNAs examinations.

Objective To understand the prevalence of hepatitis B virus（HBV）,hepatitis C virus（HCV） and human immunodeficiency virus（ HIV） of hemophilia patients in Xinjiang.Methods In 210 hemophilia patients admitted to our hospital from May 2008 to June 2014,serum HBsAg,anti-HCV and anti-HIV were measured.Results The positive rates of HBsAg,anti-HCV and anti-HIV in 210 hemophilia patients were 2.86% （6/210）,4.29%（9/210） and 0.48%（1/210）,respectively.The overall infection rate was 7.63%．Positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HCV varied in ages of patients .Conclusion The prevalence of HBV infection in hemophilia patients in Xinjiang area was lower than that in population of other places of China,and the prevalence of HCV infection in hemophilia patients was even higher. HIV infection tends to be increasing,and HBV and HCV infections in hemophilia patients were closely correlated with age of the pathients．

Objective To investigate,and better the screen reagent as well recruitment strategy. To provide strong evidence for selecting high quality reagent and recruitment strategy,we analyzed whether twice ELISA results of pathogen marker detection in blood donors was consistent.Methods ELISA was performed to detect HBsAg,anti-HCV,anti-HIV（1+2） and anti-TP,in 97 835 blood donor samples collected from Jan. 2013 to Nov. 2015. Statistical analysis was employed to evaluate the divergent rate of each pathogen marker in the discharged donations.Results The results showed that there was higher inconsistent rate in anti-HIV （1+2） and anti-HCV detection,while the lowest inconsistent rate was in anti-TP detection.Conclusion sReagents for ELISA would be selected and grouped,thus the inconsistent detection data should be taken into account to select ELISA kit.

Objective To understand the immune suppression method test the levels of serum creatine kinase MB isoenzyme （CK - MB） in shenzhen area in 5 months ~ 13 years aged healthy children,and provide the Results1062 cases of healthy children CK - MB storage anomaly detection rate was 66.20% （703/1062）,including reference range of analysis with the methodology,the difference of the CK-MB for the region to establish healthy children provides some references for the reference range.Methods Collected March to June 2016 medical care of hospital,1 062 cases of healthy children,according to the age is divided into five months to 3 years old preschool group,4~6 years old children and 7~13 years,primary competitions and other three groups,and selected the same healthy adults 390 cases,the immune suppression method is adopted to detect the contents of serum CK-MB,compared with methodology provides the reference range,content is beyond the scope of the specimen at the same time for troponin I （cTnI）,myoglobin （MYO） and electrocardiogram examination,and the results were analyzed.Results Preschool group,preschool and primary sections CK-MB content abnormal rate was 81.02% （239/295）,66.23% （251/379） and 54.90% （213/388）,differences between groups of CK-MB content abnormal rate was statistically significant （χ²= 3.71~15.95,P<0.01~0.05）,and 390 cases of healthy adults in serum CK - MB content < 24 U/L; Specimens of 703 cases of abnormal CK - MB content of cTnI levels are < 0.034 ng/ml,3 cases of specimens MYO results increased slightly>61.5 ng/ml,but then on the electrocardiogram trace examination,abnormality was not found; Preschool group,infants and children primary competitions in serum CK-MB content were 41.52±19.38 U/L,35.09±14.37 U/L and 28.15±7.86 U/L,between different age children in the serum CK-MB content difference was statistically significant （t=2.596~2.596,P<0.05）; Healthy children in serum CK - MB content was 34.97±10.64 U/L,healthy adults in serum CK - MB content was 16.05±7.13 U/L,between the two results was statistically significant difference （t=13.927,P<0.01）.Conclusion Detection of immune suppression in shenzhen area in 5 months ~ 13 years healthy children serum CK-MB in the abnormal rate is very high,no direct reference methodology to provide clinical reference range,therefore,regional health children CK-MB in time the normal reference range of immune suppression method should be established,in order to better serve the clinical,lest cause misdiagnosis and unnecessary confirmed project inspection.

Objective To explore the effects of lipoprotein lipase on biochemical indicators in lipemia samples.Methods Simulated low,moderate and high lipemia were made by adding the triglyceride into normal sera, TG,AST,ALT,TP,TBil,LDH and CK-MB were detected following lipoprotein lipase treatments.Results No significant difference was seen between the samples of lipoprotein lipase treatments and the sera control（P>0.05）. The method of lipoprotein lipase treatment was better than that of normal saline dilution in detection of severe lipemia（P<0.05）. lipoprotein lipase treatment showed a potential in practical detection of severe lipemia （P<0.05）.Conclusion Lipopro-tein lipase treatment benefits to reducing the interference of lipemia but has not obvious impact on triglyceride in serum detection.

Objective To investigate the change and related factors of serum nesfatin-1 level in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）.Methods erum nesfatin-1 concentration was examined in 32 T2DM patients without NAFLD （T2DM group）,32 T2DM patients with NAFLD （T2DM-NAFLD group） and 30 cases of normal control （NC group）.The influencing factors for nesfatin-1 were analyzed.Results Compared with the other two groups,serum nesfatin-1 concentration was the lowest in T2DM-NAFLD group（P<0.05 or P<0.01）. TG and WC were the independent related factors for nesfatin-1（P<0.05 or P<0.01） Conclusion Serum nesfatin-1 concentration obviously declined in elderly T2DM patients with NAFLD,which may be involved in the development of IR and NAFLD.

Objective To detect respiratory pathogens in patients with acute exacerbation underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD） so as to provide evidences for clinical treatments.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in the hospital from May 2015 to April 2016. 478 cases of AECOPD were examined for IgM antibodies by IFA,and pathogens by sputum culture for influenza virus A/B,para influenza virus,respiratory syncytial virus,adenovirus and atypical pathogens （Legionella pneumophila,Mycoplasma pneumonia,and Chlamydia pneumonia）.Results The overall positive rate of pathogens was 78.0% （373/478）,single species infection accounted for 41.2% （197/478）,viral infection accounted for 58.4%,and multiple pathogen infections accounted for 58.7% （219/373）. Among them,influenza virus B,M. pneumonia and L. pneumophilia,influenza virus A and Candida infection dominates both in total prevalence and single species pathogen infection. Males had a higher positive rate of 54.7% （204/478） than females （45.3%,169/478） （χ²=4.06,P=0.044） Virus and atypical pathogen infections varied in gender （χ²=4.7,P=0.03,χ²=19.83,P=0）; fungus infection rate changedwith seasons （χ²=11.85,P=0.008）.Conclusion sThe causative agents in AE-COPD mainly are comprised of viruses and atypical pathogens,influenza virus B,M. pneumonia,influenza virus A,L. pneumophila and Candida,single species or mixed infections are common.

Objective To explore the clinical value of cytoplasm thymidine kinase1 (TK1) in diagnosis of lung cancer.Methods Fifty in-patients with lung cancer were collected from Jan 2016 to Jun 2016, including 23 cases of adenocarcinoma, 27 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 50 cases of benign lung disorders, and 50 cases of healthy individuals as control. Serum TK1, Cy211, NSE, CEA, and other lung tumor markers as well, were examined.Results The levels of TK1, Cy211, NSE, and CEA were remarkably higher in the lung cancer patients than in those of benign lung disorders, with the sensitivity rates of 66%, 58%, 30% and 23%,and specificity rates of 82%, 86%, 93% and 89%. No difference was noted among the cancer patients who presented different pathological types. The cancer patients showed a high level of tumor markers associated with lung cancer of pre- and post-treatments.Conclusion TK1 is sensitive an promising for screening and early diagnosis of lung cancer when compared with the other markers such as Cy211, NSE, and CEA.

Objective To investigate the genetic polymorphisms of HLA-E locus in Han population of Jiangsu region.Methods The genomic DNA extracted from 217 unrelated healthy blood donors were amplified by using HLA-E specific PCR primers.Results Two alleles including HLA-E* 01：01 and HLA-E* 01：03 were identified,the frequencies were 41.47% and 58.53%,respectively．The frequencies of the three HLA-E genotypes（HLA-E*01：01/01：01,01：01/01：03 and 01：03/01：03）were 14.74%,53.46% and 31.80%,respectively,and they were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.Conclusion The polymorphism of HLA-E in the Han population of Jiangsu province was highly conserved,suggesting a role of HLA-E in disease association and clinical transplantation.

Objective To the cause of non ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn,irregular antibodies were analysis and research,and to explore its clinical significance. Experimental sample detection method in 2010 and 2015 in hemolytic disease of the newborn,the gel cassette anti ball protein in irregular antibodies screening,Liss-IAT tube method for the identification of irregular antibody; types of irregular antibodies and related clinical data analysis. The results 2311cases of hemolytic disease of the newborn detection in experimental sample,caused by irregular antibodies hemolytic disease of the newborn （HDN） 36 cases were identified,which 28 cases of irregular antibodies for irregular antibodies of Rh blood group system,3 cases as Lewis blood group System,4 cases for Kidd blood group system,1 case for Diego blood group system. In the irregular antibodies of Rh blood group system,2 cases of anti-D,7.1% （2/28）; 8 cases for anti-e,accounting for 28.6% （8/28）; 11 cases anti -cE accounted for 39.3% （11/28）; 2 cases anti-C,accounting for 7.1% （2/28）; 5 cases anti CE,accounting for 17.9% （5/28）; 36 cases of hemolytic disease of the newborn cases,26 cases of exchange transfusion in the treatment of.Conclusion the irregular antibody prone to cause severe hemolytic disease of the newborn and in detection should be the sensitive method,avoid To avoid missed and misdiagnosis.

Objective To analyze a discrepancy in results of forward/reverse ABO blood grouping with molecular analysis and provide knowledge for safe blood transfusion.Methods Column gel testing was used for serological ABO blood grouping. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood and PCR-SSP was used for ABO genotyping. PCR was performed to amplify ABO exons 1 to 7 and the amplification products were sequenced directly. The obtained sequences were compared with wild type A101 to identify sequence variation.Results Blood grouping indicated the discrepant results of forward/reverse ABO typing. Forward typing produced blood group O,while reverse typing produced blood group A as only anti-B isoagglutinins were present. A monoclonal anti-AB antibody detection revealed a weak agglutination with patient's RBCs. ABO genotyping with PCR-SSP indicated a heterozygous O1/A type,and further PCR and ABO exons sequencing identified a new 248A>G missense mutation in exon 6,which led to the replacement of Aspartate at position 83 with glycine. PCR-SSP using newly designed 248A>G mutation-specific primer was performed to investigate the frequency of this new mutation among regular blood donors but none turned out to be positive.Conclusion sThis ABO gene 248A>G mutation is associated with the absence of anti-A isoagglutinins and weak A antigen expression.

Blood transfusion technology is one of the important content in the blood transfusion medicine education. The cooperation between blood transfusion services and medical universities through clinical teaching base is a key step for professional talent training in blood transfusion medicine. This paper introduces the working content and management experience of the clinical teaching base constructed by Beijing Red Cross Blood Center,and provides evidence for the feasibility and exploration of blood transfusion services carrying out medical universities' teaching work.

Objective To investigate the sense of keeping the border area, find the re-entry detective strategy, follow-up detection were used to check the blood donors with false-reactive results in basic-level blood station.Methods during January 2014 to February 2016, 712 cases which reacted in single reagent（including border area）were selected. Based on ELISA test results, specimens were divided into border area group and single-reagent-reactive group. After more than six months of shielding,re-entry specimens were tested by ELISA in double reagent, nucleic acid testing (NAT) and confirmatory test.Results In the first ELISA test, the result were confirmed by NAT(or TPPA) , the difference of the false-reactive rate of HBsAg and anti-TP in the border area group and single-reagent-reactive group was statistically significant, P<0.05.While the difference of anti-HCV false-reactive rate between the two groups has no statistical significance. After more than six months of shielding, the re-entry test showed that, 1 of 213 in the border area group was reactive in NAT, but not confirmed by the confirmatory test, 3 of the 268 in the single-reagent-reactive group were confirmed by NAT and confirmatory test.Conclusion Since NAT was carried out broadly under the present detection mode, if keep on setting border area, it will increase the false-reactive specimens, may result in blood waste.

Transfusion related acute lung injury（TRALI）,which is defined as the onset of acute lung injury within 6h of transfusion,is the most common cause of transfusion related death worldwide.The two most prevalent pathogenesis of TRALI are antibody mediated and non-antibody mediated. Meanwhile,the two-hit model and threshold model are supported by many animal studies.So the most effective prevention is a restrictive transfusion strategy,and making exclusion policy that exclude high-risk donor with multiparous history can also reduce the incidence of TRALI.In addition,either the clinical department or blood service are discussing if some other strategies such as“patient-tailored transfusion policy”and “pooling of plasma”have value in reducing the incidence of TRALI.