• 中国科学论文统计源期刊
  • 中国科技核心期刊
  • 美国化学文摘(CA)来源期刊
  • 日本科学技术振兴机构数据库(JST)

临床输血与检验 ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 52-58.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2587.2026.01.008

• 循证医学 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国人群Rh血型抗原分布特征*

牛佳萌, 田芬芳, 邢莉莉, 马婷, 杨颖群, 宋奥微, 谢昕昕, 王李秦, 陈萍, 王文华, 常婧妍, 杨江存, 孙杨   

  1. 陕西省人民医院输血科,陕西西安 710068
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-15 发布日期:2026-02-13
  • 通讯作者: 孙杨,主要从事临床输血与大数据精准输血研究,(E-mail)suny519@163.com。共同通信作者:杨江存,主要从事临床输血研究,(E-mail)yjc65@sina.com。
  • 作者简介:牛佳萌,主要从事临床输血工作,(E-mail)njm2013512@163.com。并列第一作者:田芬芳,主要从事临床输血工作,(E-mail)1580007163@qq.com。并列第一作者:邢莉莉,主要从事临床输血工作,(E-mail)xinglili1996@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    *本课题受陕西省人民医院领军人才基金项目(No.2021LJ-14)资助

Distribution Characteristics of Rh Blood Group Antigens in Chinese Population

NIU Jiameng, TIAN Fenfang, XING Lili, MA Ting, YANG Yingqun, SONG Aowei, XIE Xinxin, WANG Liqin, CHEN Ping, WANG Wenhua, CHANG Jingyan, YANG Jiangcun, SUN Yang   

  1. Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shaanxi People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068
  • Received:2025-07-15 Published:2026-02-13

摘要: 目的 本研究旨在系统分析中国人群Rh血型抗原分布特征,包括:(1)中国大陆地区RhD/D基因频率分布;(2)Rh阳性与阴性人群RHD和RHCE位点单倍型;(3)绘制中国Rh血型抗原分布地图。方法 采用横断面研究设计,收集1981年1月—2024年12月国内外发表的关于中国人群Rh血型研究的文献数据。通过系统检索PUBMED、CNKI、万方等数据库,纳入31个省市(港澳台数据缺失,未统计)24 278 938例样本(含1 435 893例Rh阳性分型和113 676例Rh阴性分型数据)。采用伯恩斯坦方法计算基因频率,并进行Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验,通过主成分分析法解析Rh血型抗原分布特征。数据质量控制采用双人核对录入,相同地区多篇文献数据合并计算。结果 中国人群Rh阴性率为4.04‰,呈现显著地域差异:新疆维吾尔自治区最高(9.90‰),天津市次之(6.40‰),广西壮族自治区最低(1.82‰)。D基因频率为0.936 4,d基因频率为0.063 6。基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(χ2=1.32,P=0.251),每1 000人中预期基因型分布为DD型877人、Dd型119人和dd型4人。对中国人群Rh血型表型分析发现,RhD阳性人群以表型DCCee为主(占RhD阳性个体的44.37%),RhD阴性人群中主要表型为dccee(占RhD阴性个体的56.84%),两者单倍型分布存在显著差异(P<0.001)。中国人群RhCE抗原分布呈明显地域差异:南方高Ce低ce,西北高ce低Ce;西藏、新疆Rh阴性CE抗原罕见,中部cE较高。结论 本研究基于约2 428万样本量绘制了中国人群Rh血型抗原分布图,揭示了Rh血型系统在中国人群中的遗传多态性特征。

关键词: Rh血型系统, 基因频率, Rh阴性, 中国人群, 分布特征

Abstract: Objective This study aimed to systematically analyze the distribution characteristics of Rh blood group antigens in the Chinese population, including: (1) the frequency distribution of RhD/D alleles in mainland China; (2) haplotypes of the RHD and RHCE loci in Rh-positive and Rh-negative populations; and (3) mapping the geographic distribution of Rh antigens in China. Methods A cross-sectional study design was adopted, collecting literature data on Rh blood group studies in Chinese populations published both domestically and internationally from January 1981 to December 2024. A total of 24 278 938 samples were included from 31 provinces/municipalities (data from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan were unavailable), including 1 435 893 cases of Rh-positive and 113 676 cases of Rh-negative typing. Gene frequencies were calculated using the Bernstein method, followed by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium testing. Principal component analysis was used to characterize Rh antigen distribution. Data quality control involved dual-entry verification, with data from multiple literature sources in the same region being combined for calculation. Results The Rh-negative rate in the Chinese population was 4.04‰, showing significant regional variation: highest in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (9.90‰), followed by Tianjin (6.40‰), and lowest in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (1.82‰). The frequency of the D allele was 0.936 4, and that of the d allele was 0.063 6. Genotype distribution adhered to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ2=1.32, P=0.251), with an expected genotype distribution of 877 individuals with the DD genotype, 119 with the Dd genotype, and 4 with the dd genotype per 1 000 individuals. Phenotypic analysis revealed that DCCee was predominant among RhD-positive individuals (44.37%), while dccee was most common in RhD-negative individuals (56.84%), with significant haplotype distribution differences ( P<0.001). The distribution of RhCE antigens among Chinese populations also showed clear regional differences: higher Ce and lower ce in the south, higher ce and lower Ce in the northwest; Rh-negative CE antigens were rare in Guangxi and the central region had higher cE. Conclusion Based on 24 million samples, this study mapped the distribution of Rh blood group antigens across China, unveiling the genetic polymorphism of the Rh system in the Chinese population.

Key words: Rh blood group system, Allele frequency, Rh-negative, Chinese population, Distribution characteristics

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