Objective To explore the influence of exogenous glutamine（Gln）on the antioxidant enzymes. Methods Twenty two rats (specific pathogen free) were randomly divided into experimental group（A）,control group（B）,and standard group（C）. Animals of group A received gavage daily with alanyl-glutamine,group B with 0.9% normal saline,and group C were set up as control. Groups A and B were given gavage consecutively for 14 days. Blood specimens of rats of the three groups were detected for hydrogen peroxide enzyme（CAT）, superoxide dismutase（SOD）and glutathione oxidation reductase（GSH-Px）. Results The difference of CAT between groups A and C was statistically significant（P<0.05）, while the level of CAT at 14d of experimental group was significantly higher than the standard group（P<0.05）. The difference of GSH-Px between groups A and C was statistically significant（P<0.05）, no difference between groups A and B was found（P>0.05）.The level of GSH-Px at 14d of experimental group was remarkably higher than that of standard group（P<0.05）. No significant difference of SOD was noted among all of the three groups（P>0.05）. Conclusion Temperal administration of exogenous Gln may significantly increase CAT and GSH-Px levels, and serum SOD as well,thereby enhancing the ability to scavenge free radicals and antioxidant of the body.

ObjectiveBy studying two patients who displayed different serological phenotypes in Rh variants, the author aimed to give suggestions to safe transfusion for individuals with Rh variants. Methods The Rh(D) negative patients screened by IgM type anti-D antibody were enrolled precedent. The variants were determined by three different sources of IgG type anti-D antibodies. The genetic mutation locus was analyzed by molecular assay. Results The two patients with Rh variants showed different results of serological tests. However, the results of RHD gene mutation analysis demonstrated that both patients were weak D type 15 of Rh blood group. Conclusion The two patients with weak D type 15 of Rh(D) antigen in this study were the most common type in the Han nationality. These findings indicated that Rh(D) variants should be analyzed by molecular assays for the sake of safe transfusion.

Objective To investigate the genetic polymorphisms of Dombrock blood group in Zhuang nationality population in different areas of Guangxi. Methods We analyzed the genotypes of Dombrock blood group in 1 025 non-related Guangxi Zhuang nationality population who live in Wuming, Shanglin, Longan, Binyang, Pingguo, Dahua, Duan, Bama, and Daxin by PCR-SSP typing. Results Three individuals were found to carry Do^a(+) homozygote, while 865 cases have Do^b(+) homozygote. The Do^a gene frequencies of Wuming, Shanglin, Longan, Binyang, Pingguo, Dahua, Duan, Bama, and Daxin was 0.090 9, 0.045 9, 0.090 9, 0.062 5, 0.108 3, 0.054 2, 0.091 7, 0.066 7 and 0.100 0, respectively. The general gene frequency of Do^a was 0.079 5,while that of Dob was 0.920 5. Conclusion The distribution feature of Dombrock blood group in Guangxi Zhuang nationality was polymorphic, which is similar to that in Chinese Han population. Do^a gene frequency in the population studied, however, is much lower than that in Tibetan and Uyghur nationality.

Objective To investigate the characters of B(A)04 subtype in order to provide a theoretical basis for the work of clinical blood transfusion. Methods The characteristics of B(A)04 subtype were identified by serological and genotyping technology. Exons 1-7 and adjacent introns of the ABO gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were directly sequenced and cloning sequenced to identify the molecular mechanism of B(A)04 subtype. Results The patient showed ABO forward and reverse typing discrepancy. ABO forward typing defined A weak B. However, A1 cells (2+) and B cells (-) were observed in the reverse typing. The ABO gene sequencing showed a A>G substitution at position in exon 7 which caused a Met to Val exchange at codon 214. The ABO blood group genotype was ABO*B(A)04/O01. Conclusion The identification and analysis of subordinate or rare blood types should be very careful. In order to ensure the safety of blood transfusion, the molecular biological detection should carried out when necessary.

Objective To understand and confirm the new human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele and analyze its nucleotide sequence. Methods Using the direct sequencing method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SBT), we analyzed 7 500 hematopoietic stem cell donators with HLA-DRB1 high-resolution classification in Yueyang area and found one example appeared close to HLA-DRB1*09:01:02 sequence of new allele. We made confirmation with the sequencing technique SSP sequencing primers which used for DRB1*09 site specificity and verified the its differences from DRB1* 09:01:02 sequence. Results The gene in exon 2 compared with DRB1*09:01:02 276 C>A, its mutations can lead to codon AGC>AGA, 63 S(ser)>R(arginine), has been submitted to GenBank, the gene sequence Numbers for 1523488. Conclusion The allele was obtained by the nucleotide sequence analysis of the new HLA-DRB1 allele, which was named as HLA-DRB1*09:18 in May22, 2013 by the World Health Organization (WHO) HLA Nomenclature Committee.

Objective To sequence and identify a novel HLA allele. Methods PCR-SBT method was used for HLA typing and an anomaly allele that is associated with HLA-B locus was analyzed, and sequence-specific sequencing primer（SSSP）was used for sequencing so as to confirm the site of mutation. Results The results showed an new allele of HLA-B locus. SSSP sequencing indicated that the nucleotide sequence of the novel allele is different from the highest homology allele B * 15:01:01: 01 in the second exon at position 662 A>T, resulting in the amino acid sequence at position 221 of B *15:01:01:01, mutated from histidine（H） to leucine（L）. Conclusion This is a novel HLA-B allele and has been named HLA-B * 15:201 by WHO HLA Nomenclature Committee.

Objective To investigate and analysis the status of clinical blood transfusions in order to provide references for and improve the rational use rate of blood transfusion. Methods Medical records of patients received blood transfusions from 2011 to 2014 were investigated and analyzed. Indexes include total quantity of blood transfusion, per capita blood transfusion, the situation of blood component transfusion and blood transfusion in internal medicine departments and surgical departments. Results Total quantity of blood transfusion increased by years. The ratio of blood component transfusion was high, but there was unreasonable transfusion of plasma in this hospital. The hospital should attach due importance to both the enhancement of blood transfusion knowledge among clinical doctors and blood transfusion indications. Conclusion Faced with the situation of increasing blood demand, the hospital should attach due importance to both the enhancement of blood transfusion knowledge among clinical doctors and blood transfusion indications.

Objective To analyze the effect of washed red blood cells(wRBC) transfusion in treatment of children with severe or intermediate β-thalassemia. Methods Twenty-three children at the age of 3~4 were selected and all of them had the same blood transfusion experience. Hemoglobin levels were tested in the children who sufferred from severe or moderateβ-thalassemia and underwent 21 times of blood transfusion with wRBC in each type of disease. and frequency of adverse effects of transfusion was observed. Results All the children investgated showed no adverse transfusion reaction. Children with severe type of β-thalassemia exhibited a lower increase of hemoglobin [（1.62± 0.26） g/L per kg] than those with moderate type of the disease[（1.17± 0.23） g/L per kg] after use of one unit of wRBC（P< 0.05）. Conclusion Hemoglobin level improvement in the children with severe type of β-thalassemia is not remarkable when compared with those who have moderate type of the disease after wRBC transfusion. Clinically, a relative high level of hemoglobin, and transfusion safety as well, should be ensured during wRBC transfusion.

Objective To analyze the HBV poisonous genotype and its mutation of drug resistance in blood donation population in a given area. Methods Selected the blood examples from donors since April 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014 and screened out 201 double positive specimens using ELISA double reagent. And then by fluorescence quantitative PCR, 99 cases of HBV positive specimens were screened out. 45 of them held a viral load larger than 1 000 IU/ml specimens, their HBV drug resistance gene were detected (PCR sequencing method). Finally, we analyzed the relationship between the hepatitis b patient virus poisonous genotype and pills resistance segment mutation of this city. Results All 45 cases was Hepatitis B wild-type, no drug resistance mutation was found. Hepatitis B parting with 45 cases of type B was 43 cases, classification rate was 95.6%, the other 2 cases was type C, classification rate was 4.4%. Type B gene classification rate was significantly higher than C gene classification rate, with statistical significance (χ²=9.256,P<0.05). Conclusion The city's Hepatitis B blood donators hold virus genes model B type at large and the resistance genes are mainly wild type, 45.5% of them has a virus viral load high to 1 000 IU/ml, which need track treatment, providing prevention and cure references for Hepatitis B.

Objective To discuss on how to use blood reasonably and alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of clinical blood use, putting an end to waste of blood, guaranteeing the safe, timely and effective clinical use of blood in a sustainable mode. Methods Making statistical analysis of Fuyang city center blood stations during 2012 to 2015, the data includes collcetion and supply. Results The total HP has a downward trend year by year, the dosage level of red blood cells and cryoprecipitate increased, the using scale of blood component increased with its ratio grew to 98.5%. The transfer of blood mainly included red blood cells, plasma and platelets, red blood cells and platelet shared the most and the least amount respectively. When considering different years, 2012 peaked and 2015 bottomed. Conclusion With the improvement of medical level and technical specifications of clinical blood transfusion, reasonable level improved significantly with blood usage. Scientific and reasonable planning of blood sampling and supply has shown great significance, including exploring diversified publicity of blood donation, searching for the mode of propaganda for donating blood voluntarily, especially in rural areas.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of damage control resuscitation（DCR） scheme combined with massive transfusion pattern (MTP) on acute traumatic coagulopathy. Methods Thirty-eight patients who had severe traumatic coagulopathy in ICU were randomly divided into treatment group (n=20) and control group（n=18）. The patients in treatment group adopted DCR combined with MTP, while control group adopted traditional method. The blood coagulat-ion function was analyzed after 12 h and 72 h by prothrombin time（PT）,international normalized ratio（INR）,acti-vated partial thromboplastin time（APTT）,fibrinogen（FIB）,and platelets. The total amount of RBC during 72 h,the days of hospital ICU stay,the corrected rate of shock,and the 30-day survival rate. Results Compared with the control group,the treatment group showed a quick recovery of blood coagulation function. The total amount of PRBC during 72 h,the days of ICU stay in the treatment group were less than those in control group,while the corrected rate of shock and the 30-day survival rate were higher than those of control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion DCR scheme, combined with MTP program,has a promising effect on blood coagulation improvement,hemostasis,and the survival rate increase of patients.

Objective To investigate the variation of the platelet morphology parameters before blood donation and its impact on the production of the single donor platelet. Methods According to the quality inspection result ,24 cases of platelet collections from January 2007 to December 2014 produced less than 2.5 ×10¹⁰/ bag, and 344 cases over 2.5 ×10¹¹/ bag. These samples were divided into two groups according to the separatrix of 2.5×10¹¹/ bag and analyzed for the difference between the two groups of MPV and PDW before blood donation and the platelet production. Results The difference between the two groups in MPV and PDW over or below 2.5×10¹¹/bag was statistically significant before blood donation; while no obvious difference was noted between MPV and PDW in the same group. Conclusion Blood platelet morphology variation before blood donation affects platelet production of collection. The plateletcollection efficiency may decrease in the blood donor with MPV>9.085 5 fl or PDW > 12.575 6% before blood donation, an appropriate large volum of whole blood might be collected, or the blood donation should be postponed.

Objective To investigate the relationship between anti-HCV,HCV RNA and ALT in volunteer blood donors. Methods Fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect viral loads and kinetic method was employed to assay ALT levels in 235 anti-HCV positive samples who were tested by ELISA. A six month follow up was performed to monitor the anti-HCV（+）/HCV RNA（-） samples. Results Among 235 anti-HCV positive samples,140（59.57%） were positive for HCV RNA. The HCV RNA positive rate in groups of S/CO ratio 1~5 and 5.01~9.99 were 34.29% and 26.47%, respectively. The HCV RNA positive rate in group of S/CO ratio≥10 was 81.68% and statistically significant differences were found between this and the other two groups（χ² =45.15,P<0.05;χ²=39.41,P<0.05）. The ALT abnormality rates of anti-HCV（+）/HCV RNA（+） and anti-HCV（+）/HCV RNA（-） groups were 2.86% and 1.05%, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between them（χ² =0.88,P≥0.05） . The age of donors with anti-HCV（+）/HCV RNA（+）were older than those with the anti-HCV（+）/HCV RNA（-) （χ² =7.81,P<0.05）. Among 95 blood donors,23 received retrospective survey and the anti-HCV results of one sample was negative in the second detection. Conclusion The positive rate of HCV RNA has relationship with the S/CO ratio of anti-HCV and the age of HCV infected blood donors. No correlation was found between the unqualified rate of ALT and HCV RNA in anti-HCV positive volunteer blood donors.

Objective To understand reticulated platelet level changes in apheresis platelet donors. Methods The platelets donators were divided into experimental group (A) and control group(B). Group A comprised 153 cases of apheresis platelet donors and group B included 189 cases without the experience of blood donation. Automated blood analyzer was used for testing WBC,RBC,Hb,HCT,PLT,PDW,PCT,MPV and IPF proportions and other items. Results No significant difference was seen of WBC and PCT（P>0.05） in the male blood donors in Group A,whereas RBC,Hb,HCT,and PLT were obviously elavated（P<0.05）and PDW, MPV,and IPF decreased（P<0.05）. Comparatively, WBC,RBC,Hb,HCT,PLT,PCT,and MPV did not give rise to any change in female donors（P>0.05）whereas PDW and IPF were significantly increased（P<0.05）. Conclusion Repeated apheresis platelet donations may accelerate RBC and PLT rather than IPF production in bone marrow,and promote the PLT maturity. Female donors, due to the periodic blood loss of RBC,may have a higher capacity of platelets generation capacity than males.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of serum HE4 combined with CA125 detections in early diagnosis and prognosis in evaluation of ovarian cancer. Methods Seventy-two cases of colon cancer treated in hospital from January 2014 to April 2015 were followed up,and serum HE4 and CA125 were jointly detected. The expression of CA125 and HE4 in the patients with single or combined tests was compared, and the pathological changes and survival duration of the patients were analyzed for the clinical significance of HE4 with CA125 detection in early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of ovarian cancer. Results Serum HE4 and CA125 levels were significantly higher in ovarian cancer patients（P<0.05） compared with the normal. Sensitivity,specificity,positive or negative predictive rate were obviously lower in HE4 or CA125 single test. The combined tests of HE4 and CA125 gave rise to a low missed diagnosis and a high Youden index（P<0.05）. The motality of patients treated under orientation of both HE4 combined with CA 125 detection was significantly less than that of the single detection（P<0.05）. Conclusion Serum HE4 combined with CA125 detection can effectively predict the survival lenghth of patients,and has a high clinical value.

Objective To analyze the screening results of TSH and Phe in the neonates so as to reveal the incidence of CH and PKU in Chencang district,Baoji City, and to provide the basis for neonatal screening for the effective intervention. Methods Blood samples were taken from the heels of the 3-day old neonates,to detect Phe and TSH by using time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. Results From July 2007 to December2014, 25831 neonates were screened. The screening rate was increased from 3. 02%（in 2007） to 95. 52%（in 2014）. The incidence of CH was 1∶1 567（in 2014）,which was higher than the national rate（1∶2 099）. Hyperphenylalaninemia（HPA） incidence was 1∶1 176（2014）,which was higher than the national rate（1∶11 376）. Conclusion Neonatal screening is an efficient measure to reduce birth defects and improve the newborn population quality. The incidence of CH and PKU was higher than the national average,suggesting that attention should be paid to this situation by the government and maternal and child health care institutions.

Objective We used the quantitative method which combines iTRAQ with LC-MS/MS glyco-proteomics technology in the analysis for serum marker screening in cervical cancer. Methods Plasma of 10 healthy volunteers and 10 cases of cervical cancer patients were collected for mixed partial enzymatic digestion in each group, and iTRAQ labelling was performed and glycopeptides were enriched. All of the samples were subjected to LC-MS/MS analyses. Results A total of 157 glycoproteins were identified,of which 18 proteins show expression difference compared with the normal control. Ten cervical cancer serum proteins exhibited an up-regulated expression in the patients whereas 8 proteins was down-regula

Objective To investigate the experimental and clinical characteristics of the lupus anticoagulant （LA） positive patients. Methods LA were measured by modified dilution viper venom time assay（DRVVT）,LA normalized ratio greater than 1.2 was identified LA positive. Laboratory indexes and clinical features were observed in LA positive patients. LA negative patients were enrolled as controls. Results LA positive group 51 cases,LA normalized ratio were 1.4±0.4,activated partial thromboplastin time（APTT） were （65+16） second. 31% （16/51）of positive individuals had autoimmune disease. 18% （9/51） of patients with thrombotic events. Bleeding in 3 cases （3/51,6%）,transfusion of blood products in 5 cases. Total of 15 cases had undergone emergency surgery and interventional procedures and without abnormal intraoperative and postoperative bleeding happen. The incidence of thrombus events was higher in LA positive group than in LA negative group （P<0.05）,and no significantly difference was found between incidences of two groups’ bleeding （P>0.05）. Conclusion In LA positive patients, APTT results are significantly prolonged and the risks of thrombosis are high, while the risks of bleeding which including emergency surgery and interventional procedures are not significantly elevated.

Objective To investigate the effect of varied freezing temperature and time on the recovery and residual water in the freeze-dried platelets. Method The freeze-drying processes of temperature and time were divided into three types (A, B and C). The platelets were freeze-dried and rehydrated using the three types of freeze-drying processes,respectively. The residual water content of the lyophilized platelets was detected with dry-weighing method.The differences of the recovery rate and residual water,and the MPV and PDW values in the freeze-dried platelets were compared. Result

The difference between freezing temperature/time for the freeze-drying platelets，the difference of the MPV values after the rehydration of freeze-dried platelets were not statistically significant （P>0.05）. The PDW value of freeze-dried platelets after rehydration between type A and type C showed no significant difference （P>0.05）, while that of type B was high （P<0.05）. The recovery rate of types A, B and C rehydration platelets was （81.72±12.43）%，（81.40±8.79）% and （94.37±7.02）%, respectively, with no significant difference among the three types （P>0.05）. The lyophilized platelets residual water contents in types A, B and C were （6.55±0.96）%，（7.10±1.20）%，and （5.18±0.89）%， respectively，with no significant difference among the three types （P>0.05）. Conclusion Based on the residual water and recovery of the freeze-dried platelets by using various processes，freeze-drying temperature and time should be optimized.

Objective To choose a more reliable method to determine the hemoglobin concentration of blood donors in order to further improve the accuracy. Methods On the basis of gold standard method for the detection of hemoglobin (HiCN method), we used blood cell analyzer as the control group. Comparison test was carried out between visual reagent on hemoglobin (copper sulfate proportion) and dry hemoglobin test paper. Results Regression analysis of 151 cases of data samples with confidence degree P =95% was carried out. Comparison of Uritest detection(y) and Sysmex reference(x), y=0.892 2x+15.979, R²=0.7461; comparison of Hemocue detection(y) and Sysmex reference(x), y=0.949 4x+15.018, R² =0.838 1. Conclusion Determination of hemoglobin with dry hemoglobin test paper is a method with similar sensitivity and stability with that of the method using blood cell analyzer. The precision, accuracy and linear degree fully meet the needs of testing. It has practical significance in especially blood screening test in blood banks.