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临床输血与检验

临床输血与检验 ›› 2020, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (4): 371-375.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2587.2020.04.008

• 新型冠状病毒肺炎专题（二） • 上一篇    下一篇

淮南市新型冠状病毒感染病例实验室核酸检测结果分析

曾凡荣, 刘江, 杨光, 王小波, 张洁, 何玢, 朱利杰, 孙梦阳, 余寿杰   

  1. 232033 安徽省淮南市疾病预防控制中心
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-27 出版日期:2020-08-20 发布日期:2020-08-12
  • 作者简介:曾凡荣（1971-）, 女, 安徽固镇人, 副主任技师, 学士, 主要从事病原微生物检验检测工作, （E-mail）351666649@qq.com。

RT-PCR Analysis of Novel Coronavirus in Suspected Human Cases in Huainan

ZENG Fan-rong, LIU Jiang, YANG Guang, et al.   

  1. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huainan, 232033
  • Received:2020-02-27 Online:2020-08-20 Published:2020-08-12

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摘要： 目的 分析淮南市336例新型冠状病毒疑似病例核酸检测结果, 为控制淮南市新型冠状病毒肺炎提供实验室诊断依据。方法 根据国家卫生健康委办公厅《新型冠状病毒防控方案（第四版）》及《新型冠状病毒防控方案（第五版）》要求, 通过对淮南市336例新型冠状病毒疑似病例同时采集咽拭子和痰液标本进行实验室核酸检测, 并对核酸检测结果按年龄、性别分布、发病时间与检测阳性率关系及标本类型检测进行分析。结果 淮南市从发现到零确诊（2020年1月24日~2020年2月19日）共检测新型冠状病毒疑似病例336人, 核酸检测阳性病例总数为27例, 阳性率8.04%（咽拭子或痰液标本中有任何一个核酸检测结果阳性即判定该病例为阳性）;27例阳性病例中有19例为家庭聚集性病例;阳性病例中最小年龄15岁, 最大年龄78岁, 年龄中位数为40岁;阳性病例中男性15例（55.56%）、女性12例（44.44%）, 男女比例为1.25∶1;核酸检测阳性病例数主要集中在发病1~14天, 核酸检测阳性平均发病时间为5天;痰液标本核酸检测阳性率大于咽拭子标本核酸检测阳性率;痰液标本核酸检测Ct值普遍低于咽拭子标本核酸检测的Ct值;27例阳性病例中病情发展为普通型26例, 重型1例;截至3月2日, 27例病例中已出院病例23例, 剩余4例病情基本稳定。结论 通过对淮南市336例新型冠状病毒核酸检测结果分析, 有利于对新型冠状病毒肺炎病例进行早期诊断;在新型冠状病毒肺炎实验室诊断病例及出院病人实验室诊断时不能仅以咽拭子标本核酸检测阴性作为排除感染及治愈标准, 而需同时检测病人咽拭子和痰液标本进行综合判断;加强个人卫生管理及人员密集的密闭公共场所的环境消毒工作, 更有利于新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控。

关键词: 新型冠状病毒, 核酸检测, 阳性率, 实时荧光定量PCR

Abstract: Objective We analyzed nucleic acid test results of 336 suspected novel coronavirus cases, and provided laboratory diagnostic evidence for novel coronavirus pneumonia control in Huainan. Methods According to the requirements of the "New Coronavirus Prevention and Control Plan （Fourth Edition, Fifth Edition）" promulgated by the general office of the National Health Commission, samples of throat swab and sputum were obtained from 336 suspected novel coronavirus cases in Huainan and laboratory nucleic acid detection were performed. The age, gender distribution, association between time after symptom onset and positive rates and specimen types were analyzed. Results From discovery to zero diagnosis in Huainan（from January 24, 2020 to February 19, 2020） , 336 suspected novel coronavirus cases were tested. The total number of positive nucleic acid test cases was 27, and positive rate was 8.04% （If any result of throat swab or sputum specimen is positive, the case is determined to be positive）. Of the 27 positive cases, 19 were familial aggregation. The youngest age of positive cases was 15 years, the oldest age was 78 years, and the median age was 40 years. Positive case was present in 15 （55.56%） males and in 12 （44.44%）females. Male: female ratio was 1.25∶1. The detection time for positive nucleic acid test cases was mainly 1st to 14th days from onset of symptoms, and the average onset time for positive nucleic acid tests was 5 days. Sputum specimens showed a higher positive rate than throat swabs. Sputum specimens showed a lower cycle threshold （Ct） value than throat swabs. 26 of 27 positive cases were mild and 1 was severe. As of 2nd March, 23 of 27 cases had been discharged from hospital, and the other 4 cases remained in stable condition. Conclusion The analysis of 336 novel coronavirus nucleic acid test results in Huainan would be useful for early diagnosis of COVID-19. When deciding on laboratory diagnosis and discharge criteria for COVID-19 patients, negative result of throat swab could not be used as exclusion criteria for infection and cure. It is necessary to test both patient's throat swab and sputum specimen at the same time for comprehensive judgment. Strengthening personal hygiene management and disinfecting crowded closed public places, is highly conducive to the prevention and control of COVID-19.

Key words: SARS-CoV-2, Nucleic, acid, detection, Positive, rate, Real-time, PCR

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