Gut microbiota has become a research hotspot in the field of life science and medicine due to its close correlation with human health and diseases. The interaction between gut microbiota and human ABO blood group system has been reported in many authoritative laboratories around the world in the past few years. In this paper, the concept, composition, structure and physiological function of human gut microbiota are briefly introduced, and the trend of related research on gut microbiota is analyzed. Secondly, based on the existing research results, the relationship between gut microbiota and human ABO blood group system is briefly discussed, including the change of gut microbiota to human ABO blood type, and the impact of human ABO blood type on the composition and structure of gut microbiota. Finally, we analyze how the current research results on gut microbiota and human ABO blood group system can be better applied in the field of transfusion research and clinical therapy.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) on acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in mice and its mechanism. Methods ① GQDs intervention groupsincluded the aGVHD+GQDs group, aGVHD+PBS group and BMT group, 10 mice in each group. The survival period and clinical symptoms, and the liver, skin and intestinal histopathological changes of mice in each group were observed. ELISA method was done for the changes of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10 and TGF-β cytokines in the spleen tissue, immunofluorescence staining of F4/80, iNOS, and CD206 for the infiltration of splenic macrophages and changes of M1/M2 subpopulation, and Western blot for the changes of autophagy-related proteins LC-3 and p62 in the spleen tissue. ② For 3-Methyladenine（3-MA）blocked autophagy, the mice were divided into the aGVHD+GQDs+3-MA group and aGVHD +GQDs+PBS group , 10 in each group. The survival period and clinical signs, as well as the liver, skin and intestinal histopathological changes of mice in each group were observed. Western blot was applied to detect the changes of autophagy-related proteins LC-3 and p62 in the spleen tissues. Results GQDs intervention significantly reduced the infiltration of splenic macrophages in aGVHD mice, but significantly increased the proportion of M2-type macrophages. In addition, this intervention upregulated the expression of autophagy-related protein LC3II/I in the spleen of aGVHD mice, decreased the expression of p62, activated the autophagic pathway to alleviate the symptoms of aGVHD mice, alleviated the pathological damage of target organs, and prolonged the survival. 3-MA blockade of the autophagic pathway inhibited the therapeutic effect of GQDs treatment on aGVHD mice. Conclusion GQDs could alleviate aGVHD in mice through an autophagy-dependent pathway.

Objective To investigate the expression changes of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 9 (SNHG9) with extended storage during apheresis platelet storage. Methods A total of 32 samples of apheresis platelets that met the indications for platelet transfusion were collected and stored at （22±2）℃ with gentle agitation. Platelets were measured by appearance, platelet count, red blood cell residual count, white blood cell residual count, pH value and bacterial culture in different storage times (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days). The expression levels of lncRNA SNHG9 in different storage times were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and the expressions of SNHG9 on platelet storage lesion (PSL) were analyzed. Results The expressions of SNHG9 with extended storage at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th days were gradually increased. There was a statistical difference (H=93.073, P<0.001), with a statistical significance (P<0.05). SNHG9 expressions at different days were further compared by pairwise multiple comparisons. The corrected P value at the 1st and 3rd day was 0.144 with no statistical significance (P>0.05). The corrected P values at the 1st and 5th, 1st and 7th, 1st and 9th day were less than 0.001 with statistical significance (P<0.05). Statistically significant differences were corrected for on 3rd and 5th day (P=0.031), 3rd and 7th day (P<0.001), 3rd and 9th day (P<0.001). Conclusion With extended storage, SNHG9 expressions in apheresis platelets stored at the 5th, 7th, and 9th day were significantly higher than that at the 1st day. SNHG9 is sensitive to platelet storage condition, and may be a potential biomarker for PSL.

Objective The glycerolization process for preparing frozen red blood cells(RBCs) was improved, and washed RBCs were tested and analyzed. Methods Twenty samples of suspended red blood cells (SRBCs) (one unit) stored at 4℃ for 7 days were randomly divided into two groups. In the process of glycerolization, 57% compound glycerol reagent was diluted to 40% glycerol solution with 0.25 mol/L glycine solution in isotonic saline, and the glycerol concentration was reduced, while other processes remained unchanged in the experimental group; 57% compound glycerol reagent was added in the control group. The frozen RBCs prepared in the two groups were stored at -80℃ for 1 month, then, were thawed for glycerolization. The quality indexes of frozen and thawed/deglycerolized RBCs (DRBCs) in the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results The indicators of free hemoglobin and residual glycerol in both groups were in line with the Quality Requirements for Whole Blood and Component Blood (GB18469-2012). Free hemoglobin (0.60±0.05), residual glycerol (0.56±0.23), total glycerol in DRBCs (0.82±0.05), and hemolysis rate (0.33±0.10) in the experimental group were significantly decreased compared with the control group, with statistical difference (P<0.05). The ATP (5.34±0.35) and 2,3-DPG (538.40±59.96) in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The recovery rate of DRBCs in the experimental group (86.9±2.18) was not significant difference compared with the control group (P>0.05). The osmotic fragility test of erythrocytes in the experimental group showed the sodium chloride concentration at the beginning of hemolysis (4.28±0.33) was significant difference (P<0.05), while the sodium chloride concentration at the complete hemolysis (3.08±0.27) was not significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion During the glycerolization process of preparing frozen red blood cells, DRBCs prepared by using 40% glycerol diluted with glycine solution as cryoprotectants were stored for 1 month. Compared with the control group, the residual glycerol, total glycerol in DRBCs, serum free hemoglobin and hemolysis rate were significantly decreased, while the levels of ATP and 2, 3-DPG were significantly increased. This improved the product quality of frozen red blood cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of X-ray irradiation on the inactivation ability of lymphocytes in suspended red blood cells and the quality of red blood cells within 14 days after irradiation. Methods The suspended red blood cells were divided into three groups: X-ray irradiation group, γ-ray irradiation group and non-irradiation group. The irradiation group was irradiated with 25Gy X-ray and γ-ray irradiation instrument respectively. Lymphocytes from the three groups of suspended red blood cells were isolated and cultured to compare the inactivation effects of the two irradiation methods on lymphocytes in suspended red blood cells. The hemolysis rate, 2,3-DPG, ATP and osmotic fragility of red blood cells at 0, 7 and 14 days before and after irradiation were detected. Results The inhibitory rates of lymphocyte proliferation after X-ray irradiation and γ-ray irradiation were (98.034±1.778) % and (97.882±1.915) % respectively, and there were no significant differences in hemolysis rate, 2,3-DPG, ATP and osmotic fragility of erythrocytes between the two groups within 14 days after irradiation (P>0.05). Conclusion There is no significant difference in the inactivation effect of lymphocyte between X-ray and γ-ray irradiation, and 25Gy irradiation has no significant effect on the quality of suspended red blood cells.

Objective SERPINE1 is associated with poor prognosis of many cancers and plays an important role in tumor metastasis. This study aims to clarify the specific regulatory mechanism of miR-532-3p/SERPINE1 in colon adenocarcinoma. Methods TCGA database was used to screen differentially expressed mRNAs, and then mirDIP and miRWalk databases were used to analyze and identify upstream regulatory gene miRNAs. GSEA database was used to the analysis of enrichment pathways. Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), CCK-8, cloning experiment, scratch healing, Transwell, Western blot (WB) to study the regulatory mechanism of SERPINE1 and its upstream genes on proliferation, migration and invasion of colon adenocarcinoma. Results SERPINE1 was significantly overexpressed in colon adenocarcinoma cells and tissues, while miR-532-3p was significantly overexpressed. SERPINE1 is related to the poor prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma patients and can promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of colon adenocarcinoma cells. SERPINE1 was significantly enriched in ECM RECEPTOR INTERACTION pathway. MiR-532-3p targets and negatively regulates the expression of SERPINE1. The reversion experiment shows that miR-532-3p/SERPINE1 regulates the ECM RECEPTOR INTERACTION pathway and affects the malignant progression of colon adenocarcinoma cells. Conclusion As the upstream regulatory gene of SERPINE1, miR-532-3p inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of colon adenocarcinoma cells by regulating ECM RECEPTOR INTERACTION. MiR-532-3p/SERPINE1 has the potential to become a new target for the treatment of colon adenocarcinoma.

Objective To observe the differential expression of exosomal miRNAs in patients with traumatic blood loss induced by allogeneic blood transfusion, screen out the differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs, and lay the foundation for the subsequent study of target genes and pathways. Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 3 trauma patients before and after transfusion, respectively. Through high-throughput sequencing of exosome miRNA extracted and harvested from plasma samples, the differential expression of exosome miRNA was analyzed and compared between the two groups. Meanwhile, fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to further verify the differential gene expression. Results High-throughput sequencing analysis found that a total of 1 570 miRNA were differentially expressed. Compared with the control group, 1 189 miRNA were up-regulated and 381 miRNA were down-regulated in the experimental group. When fold change≥2.0, P-value ≤0.05 were used as the threshold for differential miRNA screening, there were 14 differentially expressed miRNA with significant changes. 5 miRNA were significantly up-regulated, including miR-499a-5p, miR-200a-3p, miR-372-3p, miR-novel-chr12_5583 and miR-novel-chr22_24253. 9 miRNA were significantly down-regulated, including miR-6852-5p, miR-452-5p, miR-1287-5p, miR-204-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-502-3p, miR-345-5p, miR-novel-chr7_38986 and miR-451a. Conclusions Allogeneic blood transfusion triggers differential expression of exosomal miRNA in patients with traumatic blood loss. Its mechanism may affect the regulation of the patient's immune system through different signaling pathways. However, the degree of immune regulation in patients and the correlation with tumors need to be further studied with larger sample size.

Objective To study the serological characteristics, the strategy of blood transfusion and the molecular method of chimera. Methods The serology test of ABO and Rh blood group were done to confirm the four patients ABO and RhD blood group from hospital. Separation of newborn red blood cells by capillary centrifugation, absorb test, DTT treatment of agglutination erythrocyte test and molecular biological identification for one case. Results the patient 1, the blood group of ABO is AB/B chimeras, the blood group of Rh is the gene of RhCE chimeras; the patient 2, the blood group of Rh is the gene of RhD chimeras; the patient 3, the blood group of ABO is AB/B chimeras, the blood group of Rh is the gene of RhD chimeras; the patient 4, the blood group of ABO is O/B chimeras, the blood group of Rh is the gene of RhCE chimeras. Conclusions In terms of blood group serology, the main characteristic is mixed appearance on ABO and Rh blood groups in the absence of a recent history of transfusion and a disease that weaken the patient's antigens. Based on this, if there is a suspicious blood group chimera it can be confirmed by serological and molecular biological methods.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of autologous apheresis platelet-rich plasma (PRP) combined with lateral retinacular release (LRR) for the treatment of lateral patellar compression syndrome (LPCS). Methods A total of 15 patients (22 knees) with LPCS who met the inclusion criteria from August 2018 to April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group underwent arthroscopic LRR surgery, followed by intra-articular injection of autologous PRP (5 mL injection per knee, once every 7 days, 3 times as a course). The control group only underwent arthroscopic LRR surgery. Visual analog scale (VAS) and Kujala score were used to compare the therapeutic effects. The therapeutic effect of the experimental group was further evaluated by MRI imaging. Results The follow-up time was 12~13 (12.4±0.5) months. VAS score before and after operation was 5.64±0.54 and 1.46 ±0.28 in the experimental group, respectively, 5.46±0.37 and 2.55±0.28 in the control group. Kujala score increased from 61.09±4.40 to 90.73±1.94 in the experimental group. Kujala score increased from 66.82±3.84 to 82.82±2.53 in the control group. Postoperative knee pain symptoms and patellofemoral joint function scores of both groups were significantly improved compared with those before surgery (P<0.000 1), and VAS score and Kujala score in the experimental group were better than those in the control group (P<0.05). MRI follow-up showed that the volume of bone marrow edema of the patella and external condyle in the experimental group reduced after treatment. Conclusion Intra-articular injection of autologous apheresis PRP combined with LRR is an effective method for the treatment of LPCS.

Objective To assess the efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma （aPRP） treatment in children with pathologic fractures. Methods Eleven children in Wuhan Children's Hospital who were diagnosed with pathologic fractures and required orthopedic surgery based on clinical data and imaging examination,were enrolled. Children treated with aPRP prepared by manual preparation method were selected as the treatment group,while those not treated with aPRP were selected as the control group. The postoperative fracture healing was observed and patient satisfaction was carried. Results No adverse reactions occurred in the 4 children treated with PRP, and the fracture healing cycle was shorter than that in the control group（χ²=4.860,P=0.027）. The satisfaction of the children and their families was higher（χ²=4.860,P=0.027）. Conclusion Platelet-rich plasma enhance pathologic fracture healing in children and shorten treatment time. It improves patient satisfaction.

Objective A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the incidence of transfusion-related respiratory adverse reactions associated with massive blood transfusion for perioperative management of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods Data of blood transfusion of 589 patients requiring massive perioperative transfusion in cardiac surgery from January 1,2018 to January 1,2022 were collected. The incidence of respiratory adverse reactions associated with blood transfusion was analyzed. According to severity,the patients were divided into two groups： the severe group and the non-severe group. The relationship between severity and the amount of blood transfusion 24 h before,during and after surgery was analyzed. Results 6.62%（39/589） cases had respiratory reactions within 24 hours of a blood transfusion. Of which,12 cases had transfusion-associated circulatory overload（TACO）,accounting for 30.77%; 27 cases had transfusion associated dyspnea （TAD）,accounting for 69.23%. 41.67%（5/12）of 12 TACO cases were associated with blood transfusion,as were 3（11.11%）of 27 TAD cases. The mortality rate of TACO was 16.67% higher than that of TAD 7.41%. The amount of red blood cells and plasma in the severe group were higher than that in the non-severe group. The difference between the intakes and outtakes in 24 h was higher than that in the non-severe group,with statistical significance （P<0.05）. The amount of perioperative transfusion in the severe group was higher than that in the non-severe group,with statistical significance（P<0.05）. The three patients identified as transfusion-related deaths were all female. They had blood transfusion history,pregnancy,and had at least 3 transfusions,of which 2 were TACO and 1 TAD. Conclusion The incidence and mortality of respiratory adverse reactions were high in patients requiring massive blood during perioperative period of cardiac surgery. It is suggested that options and amount of perioperative red blood cell and plasma should be refined. The perioperative respiratory system monitoring should be strengthened,and multidisciplinary treatment should be strengthened to focus on prevention, early detection and early treatment to improve the safety of blood transfusion.

Objective To monitor the coagulation changes via thrombelastography in patients with in vitro simulated traumatic hypofibrinogenemia under different levels of fibrinogen, and to provide a basis for guiding its clinical treatment. Methods Six samples of suspended red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma and apheresis platelets were collected from healthy donors who passed the physical examination and laboratory tests in our center. Then we constructed 10 groups of traumatic hypofibrinogenemia models with fibrinogen concentrations of 0.5 g/L, 0.7 g/L, 0.9 g/L, 1.1 g/L, 1.3 g/L, 1.5 g/L, 2.0 g/L, 2.5 g/L, 3.0 g/L, and 3.5 g/L in vitro. Blood routine, PT, APTT, Fib, and thromboelastogram (TEG) of 10 group models were tested, and statistical analysis and linear regression equation established. An in vitro model of 60% blood loss of traumatic hypofibrinogenemia was developed, and fibrinogen was supplemented according to the linear regression equation to verify the role of TEG guidance in the treatment of traumatic hypofibrinogenemia. Results When the concentration of fibrinogen was lower than 2.0g/L, a negative correlation was observed between Fig and K values, the linear regression equation being -0.160×K+2.113; and Fib was positively correlated with Angle and MA values, the linear regression equation being -1.006×A+0.055, and -0.498×MA+0.040. There was a difference between the theoretical and actual increase in K value in the supplemented fibrinogen model (t=-4.355, P=0.007), but not between the theoretical and actual added values of Angle and MA (t=-1.300, P=0.250; t=0.463, P=0.663). Conclusions Angle and MA values in TEG can effectively monitor the changes in coagulation function of patients during treatment of traumatic hypofibrinogenemia. Fibrinogen supplementation can be used to correct traumatic hypofibrinogenemia based on linear regression equations.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of allogeneic platelet rich plasma (PRP) for the treatment of chronic refractory wounds (CRW). Methods A total of 40 patients with CRW who could not be treated with autologous PRP from May 2021 to October 2022 were included. The patients were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group with 20 cases in each group by using random number table. Patients in both groups underwent debridement after inpatient or outpatient visit. On this basis, patients in the treatment group were treated with allogeneic PRP external application, while patients in the control group were treated with regular wound dressing. The length and width of the wound were measured determine the curative effect. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the pain at the 10th and 20th days after treatment. Results After 10 days of PRP treatment, granulation growth was observed on the wound surface. Granulation tissue grew rapidly in the later stage and the epithelium of the wound margin crawled without obvious inflammatory reaction. After 30 days of treatment, the wound healing rate in the treatment group was 95.9%, which was higher than that in the control group (47.55%) (t=-16.74, P<0.05). The granulation tissue of the wound in the treatment group grew rapidly. The size of the wound was significantly reduced and even healed after treatment (Z=-4.32, P<0.05). The median wound healing time in the treatment group was 34.50 days (31.25, 36.00), which was shorter than that in the control group (50.00 days (45.25, 64.50)) (Z=-5.42, P<0.05). Four cases of wound healing and 16 cases of significant effect were observed in the treatment group, which was significantly better than that in the control group (χ²=40.00, P<0.05). After 10 and 20 days of treatment, the pain of patients in the treatment group was significantly reduced with a statistically significant difference (Z=-5.52, P<0.05). Conclusion For patients affected by restrictive factors such as thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction due to age and basic diseases, allogeneic PRP as an auxiliary method can significantly accelerate the healing process of chronic wounds, with good clinical efficacy.

Objective To analyze the distribution of unexpected antibodies of pediatric inpatients and the impact of gender, age, and blood transfusion history on antibody production. Methods Blood samples from 4 345 pediatric inpatients were collected for unexpected antibody screening. Positive samples were further performed antibody identification using panel cells. Positive rate of different types of unexpected antibodies were calculated. Besides, we separated the patients into different groups according to gender (male and female), age (infant, preschool, and school-age) or blood transfusion history. Differences of positive rate of unexpected antibodies between different groups were statistically analyzed. Hence, the influence factors of generating unexpected antibodies were comprehensively analyzed. Result 59 of 4 345 hospitalized patients were found to carry unexpected antibodies, with an overall positive rate of 1.3%. And 53.4% of the antibodies derived from MNS system, mainly anti-M. The second most antibodies was from Rh system which accounted for positive rate of 10.3% with anti-E being in the majority. Antibody of Kidd system was identified in only one sample with the positive rate of 1.7%. 21 cases of other types of antibodies (3 cases of drug antibodies, 9 cases of autoantibodies, and 9 cases of specific unknown antibodies) were identified, accounting for the rate of 36.2%. There was no statistical difference of positive rate between genders (P>0.05). Compared with preschool group (3~6 years old) and school-age group (above 6 years old), positive rate of infant group (0~3 years old) was higher with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The positive rate of antibodies from MNS and Kidd systems had no statistical difference between patients with and without blood transfusion history. While, the positive rates of Rh system and other antibodies in patients with blood transfusion histories were significantly higher than those in patients without blood transfusion history (P<0.05). Conclusion The distribution of unexpected antibodies in pediatric inpatients was mainly from MNS and Rh blood group systems. Both age and blood transfusion history were the impact factors to generate unexpected antibodies. Antibodies from MNS system had no correlation with blood transfusion histories, while, the generation of antibodies of Rh system was obviously stimulated by blood transfusion. Hence, it is quite necessary to perform not only ABO/RhD but also RhCcEe consistent tranfusion for patients with a history of blood transfusion or who need repeated long-term blood transfusion during clinic treatment.

Objective To explore the effect of FFP infusion in neonates and its clinical significance, we compared the changes of coagulation convention parameters before and after fresh frozen plasma (FFP) infusion and. Methods A total of 55 patients in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of our hospital were selected to retrospectively analyze the changes of coagulation function indexes before and after FFP infusion and the correlation between them. Results All indexes of coagulation function were significantly improved after FFP infusion in neonates（P<0.05）; There was no significant correlation between the increase or decrease of coagulation indexes after FFP infusion (before /after FFP infusion) and gestational age, body weight, APGAR score and infusion volume. Conclusion FFP infusion can cause the changes of hemagglutination index in neonates, significantly improve the clotting function of critically ill neonates, and contribute to the recovery of fibrinolytic system,to reduce the risk of thrombosis in children.

Objective The factors of deferred blood donation between whole blood donors and aphaeresis donors in some blood collection and supply institutions from 2019 to 2021 were compared and analyzed. Methods A retrospective analysis method was used to collect data related to deferred donors in some blood collection and supply institutions from 2019 to 2021, which were divided into A and B groups according to provincial (blood centers) and prefecture-level (central blood stations). Blood donors were divided into whole blood donors and aphaeresis donors. The main studies were alcohol consumption, drug use, menstrual period, past medical history, underweight, abnormal body temperature, abnormal pulse, abnormal blood pressure, chylous blood, abnormal hemoglobin (Hb), elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive, hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV) positive, syphilis serum specific antibody (anti -TP) positive, HIV antibody (anti-HIV) positive, and other 16 reasons for deferred blood donation. According to different groups, blood donors and the ranking of deferred blood donation reasons, relevant data of deferred blood donation rate and deferred blood donation reasons ranked first, second and third were collected respectively for comparative analysis. Results The deferred blood donation rate of whole blood donors (median 8.57%) was lower than that of aphaeresis donors (median 10.79%). The median deferred blood donation rate of different blood donors in different years in group A was higher than that in group B, and there were significant differences between them. Among the top 3 reasons for deferred blood donation reported, whole blood donors involved 11 reasons, more than the aphaeresis donors drinking alcohol, taking drugs, abnormal pulse 3 reasons; ALT elevation, chylous blood and Hb abnormality have been reported for a total of 194 (74.33%) times in whole blood donors and 187 (71.65%) times in aphaeresis donors, which are the most important reasons for deferred blood donation. Conclusion There are differences in deferred blood donation factors between whole blood donors and aphaeresis donors in some blood collection and supply institutions.

Objective To use different types of NAT method to detect the HBsAg negative repeated non-reactive (NRR) donor samples, and ELISA method to detect the relative markers of HBV DNA positive samples, so as to confirm the changes of serological infection indexes of HBV DNA positive samples and ensure the safety of blood use. Methods A total of 60 NRR samples were collected after the detection of 82 278 blood donor samples using the TMA ID-NAT. Three different types of NAT methods were used to detect HBV DNA.Methods① HBV DNA identification tests were performed three times.Methods② HBV DNA was detected with different PCR reagents A and B. Methods③ Q-PCR was used to quantitatively detect HBV DNA, and the total positive number and ratio of the three methods were obtained. ELISA method was used to detect relevant markers in the HBV NRR donor population infected with the virus, and OBI infection situation was obtained, and then compared with the qualified donor population to analyze whether there was any difference in the ratio of antibody and serological combination mode between the two populations. Results Among the 60 NRR samples, method ①19 cases (31.67%, 19/60) were detected positive for HBV DNA, method ②23 cases (38.33%, 23/60) were detected positive for HBV DNA, method ③ 9 cases (15%, 9/60) were detected positive for HBV DNA, with low viral load. A total of 32 cases (53.33%, 32/60) of HBV-infected NRR samples were detected by the three methods, including 19 cases (59.38%, 19/32) with the method ①, 8 cases (25%, 8/32) with the method ② and 3 cases (9.37%, 3/32) with the method ③ alone. The positive rates of HBcAb (+) and combination mode 1 were statistically different between the two groups. Conclusion Multi-type NAT combined detection can improve the detection rate of HBV DNA in NRR samples and increase the detection of markers, changes in the positive rate of HBV infection markers were identified in NRR donors with positive HBV DNA.

Objective To explore the theoretical basis to prevent further drug resistance, we examined the effects of Colistin (COL) alone or in combination with ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) on the ability of extensively-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (XDR-PA) to prevent COL resistant mutations in vivo and in vitro. Provide a. Methods The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CAZ-AVI and COL against 10 strains of XDR-PA were determined by agar plate doubling dilution method. The both method were used to enrich the bacteria at a concentration of 10¹⁰ CFU•mL^-1, and the agar plate doubling dilution method to determine the mutant prevention concentration (MPC) of COL alone or in combination with CAZ-AVI against XDR-PA. A rabbit tissue cage infection model was established. The three doses of COL (2.5, 3.75, 5 mg/（kg·d）) were used alone or the basic dose of COL (2.5 mg/（kg·d）) combined with CAZ-AVI ([50+12.5] mg/（kg·d）) for treatment to explore the correlation between drug concentration and the formation of drug-resistant mutants in rabbit tissue cage infection models. The COL resistant mutants were screened in vivo, and the coding genes of the two-component regulatory systems PmrAB, PhoPQ, ParRS, and CprRS were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Results COL is sensitive to 10 strains of XDR-PA, no intermediary and drug-resistant bacteria have been found. The MIC range is 0.25~2mg/L. CAZ-AVI is sensitive to 8 strains of XDR-PA and 2 strains are resistant. The MPC range of COL alone for 10 strains of XDR-PA is 64~256mg/L, when combined with CAZ-AVI, the MPC range is reduced to 4~16mg/L, and the reduction range is 8~16. In the rabbit tissue cage model, the concentration of COL reached its peak at 2h,and its concentration was all within the resistance mutation selection window (MSW) within the interval of one dosing. When given different concentrations of COL monotherapy, the bacterial growth of XDR-PA was obviously inhibited after one treatment, but it returned to the original level after 24 hours. When the basic dose of COL was combined with CAZ-AVI, the amount of P. aeruginosa bacteria in the tissue cage maintained a continuous downward trend, and there was no recovery of growth. Resistance mutants were screened in the COL single drug group, and 5 were randomly selected from each group. The MIC range for COL was 8~128mg/L. Gene mutations mostly occurred in PmrB. Conclusions The combined use of COL and CAZ-AVI can reduce its single-use anti-drug resistance mutation concentration of XDR-PA, reduce MSW, and effectively protect the antibacterial activity of COL.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the coagulation and myocardial markers of patients infected with different Omicron variants in spring and winter in Shanghai during 2022. Method A total of 1 388 patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) from April 18, 2022 to May 15, 2022 (spring strain group, BA.2 variant) and from December 14, 2022 to January 31, 2023 (winter strain group, BA.5 and BF.7 variants) were collected. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), DD dimer (DD), fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), antithrombin Ⅲ (AT Ⅲ), high sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI), myoglobin (MYO), cardiac kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) and hsTnT were measured in 1 388 patients (974 cases in spring strain group and 414 cases in winter strain group). Results The levels of DD, FDP, hsTnI, MYO hsTnT and CK-MB were significantly higher and the activity of AT Ⅲ was significantly lower in patients infected with winter strain than those infected with spring strain (P<0.01). While APTT was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion The clinical characteristics of patients infected with different Omicron variants are different. Paying attention to the laboratory markers in time can provide laboratory basis for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.

With the application of cutting-edge technologies such as bioomics, bioengineering and novel nanomaterials, our understanding of blood transfusion medicine is constantly improving year by year. Here, we reviewed representative research in the fields of blood generation/replacement, blood cell storage lesion, transfusion related adverse effect, clinical transfusion therapy and provided an insight into the advances of our knowledge in blood transfusion.

Abscisic acid is a plant hormone, which can inhibit plant growth, promote fruit ripening and defoliation. ABA can affect nucleoside synthesis during animal embryo development, and play an important role in inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, by means of inducing differentiation and apoptosis. Studies have shown that ABA stimulates the production of megakaryocyte and platelet differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro. ABA can affect the number of hematopoietic stem cells, hematopoietic progenitor cells, megakaryocytes and platelets generation from hiPSCs in vitro system. The study on the related effect and underlying mechanism of ABA on megakaryocyte and platelet differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro is of great significance for the production of platelets by large-scale to meet the needs of platelet transfusion in clinical especially for platelet transfusion refractoriness.