Objective To investigate the perioperative blood transfusion in Pudong and to provide reference to appropriate use of blood. Methods The perioperative blood uses in 2016 were retrospectively investigated in 10 hospitals. The data of blood composition infusion and transfusion indications were collected and analyzed. Statistical analysis was made on the curative effect in 34.25 percent of cases after blood transfusion. The status of perioperative autotransfusion was analyzed. Results The blood components of rational transfusions included red cells （63.83%）,plasma （55.79%） and cold precipitates （79.87%）．The ratio of autologous blood transfusion accounted for 15.19%. Conclusion The clinical normative use and effective evaluation of blood transfusion remains insufficient. Strengthened training and transfusion standardization are needed for the safe and effective blood transfusion.
Objective To explore better quality parameters for valuation of plateletpheresis,we investigate the platelets parameters of donors and recipients.Methods One hundred and four apheresis platelet collected in Zhangzhou Blood Center from June 2015 to December 2016. Platelets parameters of donors and recipients before and after transfusion were analyzed by Sysmex XN-1000 automated blood cell counter. Results For recipients of single and double unit apheresis platelet transfusions,there is a significant difference among the pretransfusion and 1st hour immature platelet count （IPC） （Psingle-unit<0.001,Pdouble-unit<0.001）,and 24th hour IPC （Psingle-unit=0.015,Pdouble-unit<0.001）. There is a positive correlation between donor IPC and the percent change between pretransfusion and 1st hour after transfusion of recipient（r=0.536,P<0.001）,and percent change between pretransfusion and 24th hour after transfusion of recipient（r=0.413,P<0.001）. Conclusion IPC can be used to determine the quality of plateletpheresis in terms of evaluation of donors and also in the follow up of recipients undergoing platelet transfusion.
Objective To investigate the current status and characteristics of HIV infection among voluntary non-remunerated blood donors in Guangzhou from 2010 to 2015 and to provide evidence for new strategies which will ensure the adequacy and safety of blood recruitment.Methods A total of 1 553 378 blood specimens of voluntary non-remunerated blood donors were screened for HIV by ELISA and NAT. All the specimens which were positive in the two testing were sent to CDC for confirmation test. The epidemiological features of voluntary non-remunerated blood donors with HIV positive were collected and analyzed.Results 460 donors were confirmed with HIV positive among the 1 553 378 blood specimens,with a positive rate of 29.6/100 000. Not only the number of the infected donors but also the positive rate of infection was increasing year by year. The HIV positive rate of male （42.0/100 000） is much higher than that of female （5.2/100 000）. HIV positive rates among different age groups were statistically different. The positive rate in different age groups ranged from high to low was 26-35 years old group,18-25 years old group,36-45 years old group,and 46-60 years old group. A total of 103 cases of HIV infection combined with other items,accounting for 22.4%,of which syphilis,hepatitis C and hepatitis B dominated. The HIV positive rate of first-time donors （32.9/100 000） is higher than that of repeated donors （ 24.6/100 000）,and the HIV positive rate of repeated donors is increasing. The HIV positive rate of individual donors （49.0/100 000）is significantly higher than that of group donors （8.6/100 000）.The HIV positive rate of whole blood donors （31.2/100 000）is clearly higher than that of component blood donors （3.4/100 000）. Conclusions In Guangzhou,the rate of HIV infection is increasing year by year,and the lowering trend of HIV infection age is obviously shown. And male,individual,first-time and whole blood donors have a significantly higher infection rate. To further reduce the risk of HIV transmission through blood transfusion,targeted blood donation and recruitment strategies should be developed for different blood donors; meanwhile,screening for HIV and / or its co-infected items on-site may be effective.
Objective To explore the population structure and its geographical characteristics of blood donors in Panzhihua area so asto provide the basis for formulation of reasonable and effective blood donor recruitment strategy. Method Collect the population of the voluntary blood donors who successful acquisition blood in blood stations from 2010 to 2016,a total of 98 797donors data for statistical analysis.Result Males （54.15%） dominated when compared with females （45.85%）in the volunteers.The highest ratio of blood donators was seen in miscellaneous population（51.63%）,followed by workers （18.34%）,farmers （11.96%）,students（5.99%）,office clerk （4.40%）,medical staffs（ 3.53%）,public servants （2.07%）,teachers （1.51%）,and soldiers （0.58%）,respectively. The majority of donators came from middle school students（47.59%）,followed by junior college （19.87%）,technical school （14.09%）,university （11.88%）,primary school（4.71%）,and postgraduate school （1.09%）. The most donators were those of Han nationality （94.58%）,followed by other minorities （5.42%） including the Yi nationality （3.44%）.Conclusion Gender,age,occupation,education,and nationality as well greatly impact the constitution of blood donators. More efforts should be made to develop the recruiting strategy for encouraging blood donation in the populations of females,public servants,teachers,medical staffs,and minorities aged from 18 to 24.
Objective To understand the distribution characteristic of fat blood in whole blood donators,subsequently provide targeted approach in the system of blood donation. Methods The incidence rate of fat blood in 2013-2015 was analyzed according to year,gender,donation location and time of donation.Results In the past three years,the incidence rate of fat blood dropped from 3.70% in 2013 to 2.39% in 2015. It is more common in male donors and can increase with age. Organization group donators have the lowest incidence,whilst the highest rate was seen in donations at street donation stations. The incidence of fat blood was higher in post-prandial donation in comparison to pre-prandial donations. Conclusion Reinforcing quality control before blood collection is a key factor in reducing fat blood.
Objective To analyze the research of platelet transfusion cut-off value by meta-analysis in China. Methods Non-randomized concurrent control trials of different platelet transfusion thresholds published in China were searched and retrieved from Cnki.net,SinoMed,VIP and WANFANG DATA by November of 2016. Platelet transfusion threshold of 10×109/L and 20×109/L were designated to A group and B group,respectively. RevMan5. 3 software was applied to the meta-analysis for platelet transfusion effectiveness,bleeding incidence,times and doses of platelet transfusion and adverse reactions in patients of the two groups.Results Nine studies were selected for meta-analysis,covering a total of 1520 patients．Platelet transfusion efficiency was [RR=1.08,95%CI （1.00,1.18）,P= 0.06]; total bleeding incident rate was [RR=1.18,95%CI （0.95,1.47）,P=0.14]; platelet transfusion dose was [SMD=-0.79,95%CI（-1.59,0.02）,P=0.06]; frequency of platelet transfusion was [SMD=-1.21,95%CI （-2.12,-0.31）,P=0.009]; and the total adverse reaction rate was [RR=0.55,95%CI（0.38,0.79）,P=0.001]. Conclusion It is relatively safe for the patients with hematologic diseases,in stable conditions and with no obvious risk factors,to take 10×109/L as a prophylactic platelet transfusion threshold.
Objective To investigate the human T lymphotropic virus （HTLV） infection among the blood donors in Shandong. Methods ELISA, Western blotting were used to detect the anti-HTLV-I/II antibodies from the blood samples of58,395blood donors. The virus nucleic acid testing was performed to confirm the results. Results Thirty one cases were found to have positive anti-HTLV-antibodies by ELISA, 31positive cases were comfirmed by Western blotting. NAT results indicated2cases of HTLV, and the positive rate was0.0034% （2/58,395）. Conclusion Blood tranfusion therapy may be at risk of HTLV infection from blood donors in Shandong Province
Objective To analyze the influence of incubation time on the testing of alanine aminotransferase （ALT） by extending its incubation time of the detection reagents in mobile blood collecting. Methods The standard materials for quality control were added to the reagents for ALT measurements at various intervals of incubation time. The results were read immediately with half rate method by semi-automatic biochemical analyzer. The first reading of sample tests at 3 min of incubation was taken as the true value. The deviations of the results were calculated at different intervals of incubation time,and the reliable upper limit of reagents incubation time was obtained. Results The deviation of ALT test results was below 10% on or in 2.5 h. However,the deviation was up to 10.33% or even higher when incubation time was extended. A certain linear relationship between the two factors was found. The permissible error of ALT test results is limited to ± 20% according to American CLIA88 regulations and the deviation should be less than half of the permissible error which is determined as 10% at present observation. The results showed that the reagent incubation time of 2 .5 h is taken as the upper limit. Conclusion Reagent incubation time for ALT detection has remarkable influence on the test results,and 2.5 h would be believed as the incubation time upper limit of the reagents for ALT detection.
Objective To evaluate and analyse the testing result of HTLV-Ⅰ/Ⅱ infection in Shijiazhuang district in order to provide a scientific basis for clinical blood transfusion safety in this area. Methods Antibody of HTLV-Ⅰ/Ⅱ was measured with double antigen sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）kit from Sep to Dec in 2016 in Hebei blood center. The positive blood samples in the first test were re-tested by double-hole retrial method．Then the sero-positive samples were confirmed by RT-PCR or Western blot in National Center for Clinical Laboratories. Results Among 41 000 donors in Shijiazhuang district,25 cases were detected positive in the first test but only one case were confirmed positive with RT-PCR or WB. Retrospective investigation revealed that this HTLV sero-positive donor had had the eligible records as high as four blood donations in Hebei blood center. Conclusions These results indicate that Shijiazhuang is non-endemic for HTLV-I as well as HTLV-II. ELISA method can be used for HTLV-Ⅰ/Ⅱscreening to epidemiological investigation,due to the low rate of false positives.
Objective To prevent the HIV transmission through blood,and ensure the blood safety in clinics,we studied the status of HIV infection in blood donors in Nanjing. Methods The retrospective analysis of epidemiological characteristics of voluntary non-remunerated blood donors with HIV infection were carried out from 2012 to 2016 in Nanjing. Results Among 398 807 volunteer blood donors from 2012 to 2016,93 donors were HIV infection and the positive rate was 0.23‰. By chi-square test and trend test analysis,the difference in years was statistically significant（P<0.05）.The difference of change trend in five years has no statistical significance（P>0.05）. The difference in age,gender,occupation between the groups was statistically significant（P<0.05）,the difference in eduacation level between the groups has no statistically significance（P>0.05）. Conclusions Multiple measures should be taken to Ereduce the risk of blood infection with HIV virus,such as,emphasis of consulting work before every blood donationrecruitment of blood donors from lower risk groups,and carrying out comprehensively blood nucleic acid detection to reduce input "window period".
Objective To understand the current situation of clinical blood transfusion in hospitals,and to improve the level of clinical scientific,rational and safe use of blood. Methods We performed retrospective statistical analysis of a large number of blood transfusion in past 3 years through accessing to medical records,in accordance with the relevant standards for clinical blood use. Results A total of 138 cases of massive transfusion,all of 138 cases received transfusion of red blood cells,the total infusion volume of 1853.0U,an average of 13.4 U/case;132 cases received fresh frozen plasma,the total infusion volume of 15 6940.0 mL,with an average of 1 137.2 ml/case; 82 cases of infusion of cold precipitation,the total infusion volume of 1 202.8 U,the average 8.7 U/case; 50 cases were treated with single platelet transfusion,total infusion volume of 70 treatments,the average of 0.5 treatment/case. The massive transfusion happened in 12 departments,the top 3 were cardiovascular surgery accounted for 42.04%,department of hepatobiliary surgery accounted for 13.05%,obstetrics accounted for 12.33%. By disease classification,the first few were aortic dissection,liver and spleen rupture,placenta previa,coronary heart disease,gastrointestinal bleeding,tumor etc. The number of patients with abnormal coagulation before operation accounted for 65.9% of the total,anemia accounted for 38.4% of the total. Death occurred in 36 cases,the mortality was 26.1%,The higher mortality is Department of Gastroenterology,Abdominal Tumor Surgery,Neurosurgery,ICU,Cardiovascular Surgery. Conclusion Use of massive blood transfusion exist some problem in most departments,such as performance in the composition of the rational use of improper proportion,the use of cold precipitation and platelet is not timely and enough,the rational ratio of plasma and cold precipitation was rather low when the mixed blood was transfused; There are empirical,habitual use of blood phenomenon;Perioperative anemia and coagulation abnormalities have not been corrected in time; Use plasma to supplement blood volume.
Objective To evaluate the specificity of antibodies（anti-TP） to Treponema pallidum detected by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay （CMIA）,and to analyze TP infection in the patients before blood transfusion. Methods CMIA was used to detect the anti-TP in 92 169 cases of pre-transfusion patients. The sera with initially positive anti-TP was then confirmed by T.Pallidum particle agglutination（TPPA）. Results 2 825 serum samples were anti-TP positive by CMIA. Among them,2 680 were confirmed to be positive by TPPA assay. Compared with the TPPA assay,the false positive rate of the CMIA was 0.16%,and the positive predictive value was 94.87%. In the samples with S/CO value between 1 and 2,the seroprevalence of anti-TP was 72.8%,while in the samples with S/CO value more than 5,the seroprevalence of anti-TP was 100% when tested with TPPA,showing a significant difference among all S/CO value groups（χ2=138.26,P<0.001）. The positive rate of anti-TP antibodies increased with age （χ2=353.69,P<0.001）,and was significantly higher in elderly people over 60 years（χ2=206.97,P<0.001） . The TP infection rate in females is much higher than that in males（χ2=4.86,P=0.027）. Conclusions A part of blood recipients before transfusion have TP infection. CMIA shows high sensitivity and useful for mass screening in detection of anti-TP,but low S/CO value indicates relatively high false positive TP infection . Finding anti-TP positive samples with TPPA is necessary,especially in low S/CO value. The positive rate of anti-TP increased with age,and the false positive rate was higher in the elderly,indicating that the positive results of syphilis test in this population should be cautiously treated.
Objective Peripheral blood stem cells （PBSCs）were collected in children donors by using COM.TEC autoMNC program to observe the changes of bone marrow mobilization,acquisition parameters,adverse reactions and haematology parameters. Methods PBSCs were collected from 53 donors,aged in 5.0±3.8 years and with body weight of 20.1±8.36 kg. The volume of anticoagulated whole blood was 4045.70±1167.30 ml,and 436.1±127.81 ml of anticoagulants and 213.21±59.88 minutes were used in the blood processing. Results Subcutaneous injection of 8-10μg/kg G-CSF was optimal in bone marrow mobilization（P=0.001）,showing a remarkable increase of peripheral granulocytes（P=0.01）.No significant difference of WBCs counts was noted but a decreased Hb and PLTs was seen in 53 cases （P<0.01）. No adverse reactions were observed in all cases. Conclusion The COM.TEC separator is acceptable and efficient for collecting PBSCs of juniors with no adverse reactions although a slight loss of Hb and PLTs might occur. Additionally,efficient mobilization of bone marrow cells and sedative status of the recipients are important in PBSCs collection.
Objective To analyze the situation of blood collection and supply of Chengdu Blood Center，help with guiding the work of blood collection and supply in Chengdu. Methods Retrospective review according to official data in Chengdu Blood Center from 2010 to 2015，including the number of donors，volume of collected blood，distribution of donors'age，blood situation of medical institution and situation. Results The number of blood donors，volume of collected blood and blood using situation in medical institution are all increasing year by year in Chengdu blood center. The total donors and volume of whole blood increased from 145 971 donors and 251 989 U in 2010 to 174 199 donors and 304884U in 2015 respectively，the average annual growth rate is of 4.2%. The total donors and volume of apheresis platelet increased from 7 072 donors and 10 016 U in 2010 to 18 206 donors and 24 697 U in 2015 respectively. Blood donors concentrated in the 18 to 35 age group，accounting for 71.1% of the number of blood donors. The consumption of blood in medical institutions increasingly goes up at an average annual growth rate of 5.8%. Conclusion The consumption of red blood cells and plasma in medical institutions of Chengdu is increasing faster than whole blood collection，so we should continue strengthening the popularity and recruitment of voluntary blood donation
Objective To investigate the application of ultrasound-guided venipuncture in outdoor blood collection. Methods A total of 486 blood donors with unsuccessful venipuncture collection were in even or odd divided into control group and observation group. Conventional venipuncturing was used for the control while ultrasound-guided operation for the observation group. The number,success frequency of puncturing,feeling of pain and compliance of the donors to venipuncture were observed. Results The rate of venipuncturing,frequency of success for each puncture,satisfaction and the pain score in observation group were （1.00 ± 0.00）,100.0% （243/243）,100.0% （243/243）,and （1.34 ± 0.62）,respectively when compared to （2.12 ± 1.05）,5.76% （14/243）,4.94% （12/243）,and （6.73 ± 2.07） in control group. The all indicators were significantly superior in venous puncturing method to those in the routine method （t= 3.064,χ2=433.05,χ2= 440.26,t= 5.148,all P<0.01）. Conclusion Ultrasound-guided venipuncture may remarkably improve the efficiency of routine venipuncture and reduce the pain of blood donors,which is practical value in outdoor blood collection.
Objective To study the clinical therapeutic effect of plasma exchange on crescent type glomerulonephritis. Methods The cases of crescent type glomerulonephritis defined by renal biopsy were selected,including the early patients with rapidly progressive glomerular nephritis （RPGN）. The patients received the treatments of prednisolone sodium succinate,cyclophosphamide and azathioprine as immunosuppressive regimens. Simultaneously,anticoagulation,correction of anemia and plasma exchange treatments were administered. The patients were given dexamethasone and calcium gluconate to prevent allergy and hypocalcemia during the plasma exchange treatment with 2 000 ml of plasma and 60 ml/min on plasma transfusion for 3 times （once every the third day）. Results The patients presented negative GBM antibodies,61g/L of hemoglobin,625 μg/ of Cr,25.2 mmol/L of BUN,and 476 μmol of UA. Conclusions The therapeutic strategy of early plasma exchange,combined with sufficient glucocorticoids,may take effect rapidly and increase the curative rate in the patients with crescent type glomerulonephritis and RPGN.
Objective To investigate the correlation of the tumor markers Cyfra21-1,NSE,CEA and CA125 in the patients of lung cancers with the bone metastasis （PLCM）. Methods Seventy-three patients with bone metastasis of lung cancers were selected in 2016 and 106 cases of lung cancers without bone metastasis were taken as control for examinations of ECT,Cyfra21-1,NSE,CEA,CA125 .The levels of the markers were compared based on the focus number of bone metastasis and pathology types. Results The PLCM group had a significantly high level of Cyfra21-1,NSE,CEA,and CA125 compared with those without the metastasis （P<0.05） but no difference of the positive rates was seen in any single marker test（P>0.05）. The combined test of those markers,however,obviously increased the positive rates from 38.68% of the control to 80.82% of the PLCM（P<0.05）. The incidence of bone metastasis went in parallel with high level of the serum markers（P<0.05）while no statistic difference of the markers was noted among the patients with osteolytic and osteoblastic metastasis and mixed type of metastasis（P>0.05）.Conclusion The increased level of Cyfra21-1,NSE,CEA,and CA125 is closely associated with bone metastasis and corresponds with the number of metastatic foci but not with the pathological types of lung cancers,suggesting that it might be useful for evaluation and prediction of bone metastasis in the patients with lung cancers .
Objective To explore the differences of anemia rate and iron metabolism indexes among patients with different chronic kidney disease （CKD） stages. Methods 205 patients with CKD,admitted into our hospital from 2016 to 2017,were recruited in this study. Red blood cell （RBC）,Hb,HCT,SF,SI,STF,UIBC and TIBC were measured respectively in the patients with various CKD stages. The statistical analyses were performed in terms of anemia rate and iron metabolism indexes among CKD 2,3,4 and 5 stages. Results The anemia rates in the indicated CKD stages presented respectively： CKD 2,14.8%; CKD 3,44.8%; CKD 4,79.1%; CKD 5,98.7%. There were significant differences in anemia rate and iron metabolism indexs among the five CKD stages （P<0.05）. From CKDs 2 to 5,the levels of RBC and Hb decreased with disease progression .Compared with other stages,SF was significantly increased in CKD5,while STF was lower in CKD5 than in other stages. In CKD4 and 5,SI significantly decreased. Conclusion CKD patients with different stages had different degrees of anemia,which was closely related to iron metabolism. Moreover,there were differences in anemia and iron metabolism,which were relevant with the severity of the disease and may be helpful for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Objective To investigate the value of clinical applications of the combined detection of procalcitonin（PCT）,fibrin and fibrinogen degradation products（PDP）and C-reactive protein（CRP）in junior patients with sepsis. Methods Samples were collected from 33 patients with sepsis,and 35 common infectious patients in pediatrics and intense care unit（ICU）. Thirty five healthy children were chosen as the control. All specimens were harvested from March 2015 to June 2016. PCT was measured by double-antibody sandwich chemiluminescence immunoassay,FDP and CRP were measured by immunoturbidimetry,respectively. Results The levels of PCT,FDP and CRP in sepsis group were obviously higher than those in common infectious group and the control group,the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. CRP level was higher in common infectious group（P<0.05）,no difference was noted of PCT and FDP（P>0.05）. Moreover,with the risk of mortality in emergency department sepsis （MEDS）increase,the levels of all items tested were elevated（P<0.05）. Conclusion PCT,FDP and CRP are important markers during infection. A combined detection of the three markers has a great value in predicting the disease progression in children sepsis.
Objective To investigate the expression patterns of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin （NGAL） in sera and synovial fluids of rheumatoid arthritis（RA）patients. Method We collected blood and synovial fluid samples from 60 RA patients and 60 normal persons as control in Xinjiang Peoples'Hospital. The RA patients were divided into two groups by DAS28 scores. Synovial fluid samples were collected from RA patients,and NGAL was detected by latex particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay. Results The serum NGAL levels were （375.3±166.4） μg/L in RA patients,（512.1±128.7） μg/L in the patients with activity phase,（239.2±43.5） μg/L in those with alleviated phase,and （70.9±10.1） μg/L in control group. The NGAL level was significantly higher in the patients than that in the control,and statistically higher in the patients of activity phase than those of alleviated victims. The NGAL level was also correlated with increased inflammation cytokines such as TNF-α,IL-6 and CRP in RA patients. Additionally,pNGAL production was positively correlated with sfNGAL level in RA patients. Conclusion NGAL showed a distinct difference between RA patients and normal individuals and NGAL expression has a close correlation with the disease activity,suggesting that NGAL could be a potential marker for the diagnosis and therapy management of rheumatoid arthritis.
Objective To observe the clinical value of the plasma procalcitonin （PCT） and C-reactive protein （CRP） in guidance of the rational antibiotic treatment in children with respiratory tract infection. Methods A total of 248 cases of respiratory tract infections were selected in the hospital from August 2013 to February 2016. The patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group,with 124 cases in each. The control group was given antibiotic treatments monitored by CRP testing,while the observation group received the treatments supervised by both CRP and PCT tests. Results No significant difference was seen of the duration of fever,cough and lung rales between the two groups （P>0.05）. However,the durations of antibiotic use and hospital stay were obviously shortened in the observation group than in the control （P<0.05） with a notably decreased frequency of antibiotic uses （P<0.05）. Conclusion Combination of CRP with PCT test may help reduce the frequency and duration of antibiotic uses and avoid double-infection of post-treatment through monitoring the efficacy of the drugs in the children with pulmonary infections .
Objective Effects of red blood cell distribution width,Cys-C secondary pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its severity of predictive value. Method From our hospital in 2012 during the April to June 2015 were selected in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease into standard patient 108 cases,and divided into the normal pulmonary artery pressure group （84 cases） and the increased pulmonary artery pressure group （24 cases）. Observe the red blood cell distribution width （RDW） and Cys-C and other indicators are analyzed. Result The red blood cell distribution width （RDW） value in the increased pulmonary artery pressure group [（15.19±1.69） %] was significantly higher than in the normal group [（14.38±1.42）%] （P<0.01）; the Cys-C value in the increased pulmonary artery pressure group [（1.32±0.41）] was significantly higher than in the normal group [（0.95±0.46）] （P<0.01）. RDW,Cys-C and pulmonary hypertension were positive correlation and the difference were statistically significant （P<0.01）. Conclusion Red blood cell distribution width （RDW） and Cys-C values are secondary pulmonary hypertension in copd patients have obviously increased,are positively correlated with pulmonary hypertension severity. Red blood cell distribution width and Cys-C also to predict chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity of secondary pulmonary hypertension has important clinical value,is a reliable predictor for the disorder.
Objective We compare the outcomes of Hepatitis B surface antigen （HbsAg）by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay with colloidal gold method in order to provide reference for clinic. Methods The five markers of Hepatitis B in pregnant women were detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay,there are 60 positive serum and 100 negative serum. Those samples were detected by colloidal gold method again. Results Both methods may detect 150 same positive outcomes and 100 negative outcomes,only 10 sample was discrepancy.,Positive predictive value of colloidal gold method was 98.3%,specificity was 100%,sensitivity was 98.1%,accuracy was 98.2%. Conclusions Compared to chemiluminiscence,Colloidal gold method is rapid、convenient,can satisfy the pregnatnt need,but can not replace chemiluminiscence.
Objective To explore the correlation of serum growth differentiation factor-15 （GDF-15） and soluble haemoglobin scavenger receptor （sCD163） in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy （DN）. Method A total of 106 patients with type2 diabetes mellitus in the hospital were selected from February 2014 to June 2016 and the subjects were divided into normal albuminuria （n=32）,micro-albuminuria（n=35） and macro-albuminuria groups（n=39） according to Mogensen staging criteria.Additional 40 cases of healthy peoplewere takenas control. The levels of serum GDF-15 and sCD163 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）,and the correlations with common clinical index were analyzed. Results The levels of GDF-15 and sCD163 in DN group weresignificantly higher than those of control group,and increased gradually with the progress of diabetic nephropathy. Conclusion analysis showed that GDF-15 and sCD163 werepositively correlated with diabetic durationsand levels of FPG,HbAlc,LDL-c,TC,TG,UAER,BUN and Cr （P<0.05 or P<0.01）,but negatively correlated with HDL-C （P<0.01）. Conclusion The levels of serum GDF-15 and sCD163are elevated and GDF-15 and sCD163 are closely related to the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
Objective To explore the effects of the nursing intervention before blood transfusion on prevention of adverse transfusion events in patients with hematologic diseases. Methods A total of 1 112 patients whohad received transfusion therapy in haematology department in 2015 were randomly divided into two groups,the control group （n= 1 056） and experimental group （n=1 056）. The control group was administered with traditional nursing modelwhereas the experiment group was given psychological counseling,nursing,and psychological analysis in addition to the routine nursing. The incidence of adverse transfusion events between the two groups were compared indifferent blood products.Results A total of 123 patients with adverse transfusion events in the two groups,with a frequency of 5.82% . The incidence rate inthe control group was significantly higher than that of the experiment group （7.39% vs 4.26%,P<0.05）. There was no difference between the two groups with frozen plasma transfusion（P>0.05） and cryoprecipitatedantihemophilic factors transfusion（P>0.05）. Adverse transfusion events of the experiment group with plateletand erythrocytetransfusions were obviously lower than those of the control group（P<0.05）,especiallyof the patients with multiple myeloma. Conclusions Nursing intervention before blood transfusion is indispensable forpatients with hematologic diseases with blood component therapy,particularly with platelet orerythrocyte transfusion.
